2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市天心区明德中学高一（下）入学英语试卷

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• 1．There is an old joke among pilots that says the ideal flight crew is a computer，a pilot and a dog.The computer's job is to fly the plane.The pilot is there to feed the dog.And the dog's job is to bite the pilot if he tries to touch the computer.
     Handing complex tasks to computers is not new.But recent progress in machine learning，a subfield of artificial intelligence （AI），has enabled computers to handle many problems which were previously beyond jye.aim.The result has been an AI boom，with computers moving into everything from medical diagnosis and insurance to self-driving cars.
     There is a problem，though.Machine learning works by giving computers the ability to train themselves，which adapts their programming to the task at hand.People struggle to understand exactly how those self-written programs do what they do.When algorithms（计算机程序）are doing small tasks，such as playing chess or recommending a film to watch，this "black box" problem can be safely ignored.When they are deciding who gets a loan，or how to drive a car through a crowded city，it is potentially harmful.And when things go wrong，then customers，regulators and the courts will want to know why.
     For some people this is a reason to hold back AL France's digital-economy minister，Mounir Mahjoubi，has said that the government should not use any algorithm whose decisions cannot be explained.But that is an overreaction.The difficulties caused by clever computers are not unheard- of.Society already has plenty of experience dealing with problematic black boxes；the most common are called human beings，who can't even figure out what's going on in a brajye.ai.In response to the weakness in humans，society has evolved a series of workable coping mechanisms，called laws，rules and regulations.Many of these can be applied to machines as well.
     Humans have worked with computers on complex tasks for decades.One lesson from such applications is that，wherever possible，people should supervise（监督）the machjye.aies.In that joke，pilots are vital in case something happens that is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence.As computers spread，companies and governments should ensure the first line of defence is a real person who can overrule the algorithms if necessary.
  
  （1）Why is the joke mentioned in Paragraph 1？

  
  A．To make people laugh.
  B．To foresee future aeroplane industry.
  C．To introduce the latest model of aeroplanes.
  D．To raise people's awareness of computers performing complex tasks.
  （2）What has caused the increasing application of computers in various fields？

  
  A．The shortage of labor force.
  B．The rise of artificial intelligence.
  C．The encouragement of government.
  D．The development of medical economy.
  （3）Why are some people opposed to AI？

  
  A．Black boxes always go wrong.
  B．Laws forbid machine learning.
  C．They don't understand how AI works.
  D．Computers are trying to replace human beings.
  组卷：11引用：1难度：0.6

  解析

• 2．During the COVID-19 pandemic，many people under lockdown feel lonely and bored. "There is a loneliness epidemic，" said John Dattilo from Pennsylvania State University，US.
     So he，together with an international team of researchers，studied how to reduce loneliness and increase positive feelings during the pandemic.
     According to their new study，reducing loneliness has something to do with doing enjoyable activities that require both concentration （注意力） and skill.
     When people are absorbed in what they are doing，they enter a state called "flow"，Dattilo explained. "Flow can be achieved by doing activities that we value and that requires us to concentrate fully to use our skills."
     To achieve a state of flow，there must be a balance between the challenge of the task and your skill level.For example，if you're trying to create a complex （复杂的） computer program but your skill level is low，then you're likely to feel stressed instead of achieving "flow".On the contrary （相反地），if the task is too easy，then boredom will set in and "flow" will not appear，either.
     If you have artistic skills，for example，playing the piano or painting can lead to flow.So can things like skiing，writing and storytelling，depending on who you are.
     "When we enter a state of flow，we become focused，and we experience momentary enjoyment，" Dattilo said. "When we leave a state of flow，we are often surprised by how much time has passed." However，watching television usually doesn't help people enter flow，according to Dattilo，because there aren't any challenges.
     "People tend to thrive （茁壮成长） on healthy activities and challenge，" said Dattilo. "We hope this research will help people live fuller，happier，healthier lives."
  
  （1）What did Dattilo study？

  
  A．Why people feel lonely.
  B．How to reduce loneliness.
  C．What enjoyable activities are.
  D．Why people like a new challenge.
  （2）How do people feel when they enter the "flow" state？

  
  A．They are lonely and bored.
  B．They feel stressed and tired.
  C．They are concentrating and happy.
  D．They feel time passes slowly.
  （3）Which of the following could take the place of the underlined "are absorbed in"？

  
  A．Are good at.
  B．Are proud of.
  C．Are focused on.
  D．Are relaxed about.
  （4）Which activity is possible to help people achieve flow？

  
  A．Writing.
  B．Watching TV.
  C．Chatting.
  D．Eating nuts.
  （5）What can we do to reduce loneliness during lockdown，according to Dattilo？

  
  A．Follow a healthy lifestyle.
  B．Learn as many skills as possible.
  C．Complete impossible tasks.
  D．Do something enjoyable and challenging.
  组卷：18引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

• 3．With Heavenly Lake as the center，the Heavenly Lake and Tianshan Mountains Scenic Area consists of four mountain landscape belts，which covers a total area of 380.69 square kilometers.In the mountains by Heavenly Lake，there live many precious plants and animals，such as snow cocks and roe deer.The tops of the mountains are even home to contemporary glaciers and rich in resources such as copper，iron and mica.
     Ideal Sightseeing Season：August and September
     Opening Hours：09：00 - 19：30 in peak season，10：00-18：00 in off season
     Ticket Price：
     ● Admission fee：95 yuan from April to October，45 yuan from November to March.
     ● Temple of Queen Mother of the West：10 yuan.
     ● Eco- museum of Heavenly Lake：10 yuan.
     ● Cableway：20 yuan/one-way，35 yuan/round-trip.
     ● Other fees：sightseeing bus （60 yuan/round-trip），accumulator car （5 yuan/person each time），painted pleasure boat （50 yuan/person each time），speed boat （35 yuan/person each time），yacht （205 yuan/person each time）.
     Note：
     ● There is an obvious difference in temperature from day and in night in Xinjiang and temperature in some scenic spots is probably lower due to the high elevation or weather change.Therefore，it is still necessary to take along a coat or woolen sweater to keep warm during the summer.
     ● Located in the northwest，Xinjiang has a lower average temperature than that in most areas of China，but ultraviolet irradiation in it is commonly higher.The highest temperature in some cities such as Turpan can reach above 40 degree Centigrade，so it is suggested to take along effective sun block and some medicine in case of sunburn and sunstroke prevention.
     ● Xinjiang is a region of an ethnic minority with a common belief of Islam.Pork is one of the biggest taboos for Muslims，so please do NOT bring porky food into a Muslim restaurant or talk about pork in public areas.
     ● Although most areas of Xinjiang are located in UTC+6，Beijing Time （UTC+8，national standard time of China） is officially used in Xinjiang.Due to the time difference of two hours later，sightseeing in Xinjiang is usually arranged between Beijing Time 09：00 and 20：00.
  
  （1）What can we know from the passage？

  
  A．There are many common plants and contemporary glaciers on tops of the mountains.
  B．In spring visitors can enjoy the most beautiful scenery there.
  C．Pulled pork is available in Muslim restaurants in Xinjiang
  D．Visitors need to carry heavy clothes，sunglasses and some medicine during the visit in summer.
  （2）How much should a couple pay if they want to visit the Eco-museum of Heavenly Lake by taking the round-trip sightseeing bus in September？

  
  A．165 yuan.
  B．70 yuan.
  C．330 yuan.
  D．140 yuan.
  （3）Where is the passage taken from？

  
  A．A travel review.
  B．A travel guide.
  C．A travel news.
  D．A travel advertisement.
  组卷：2引用：1难度：0.6

  解析

• 4．We've rounded up some unforgettable destinations and attractions in Britain for you，your friends and family.
     Enjoy a day at a historic castle
     Leeds Castle will entertain and amaze you.With its attractive history，Leeds Castle's rich heritage （遗产）has secured its place as one of the most visited historic attractions in Britain.Visit leeds-castle.jye.ai to find more.
     Explore Canterbury Cathedral
     Canterbury Cathedra's thrilling history has been more than 1，400 years.Whether you wish to admire its windows，including those believed to be the oldest in Britain，or explore the attractive buildings and green spaces，you'll have plenty of choices.Visit canterbury-cathedral.jye.ai to find out more.
     Experience the capital from new heights
     The Dare Skywalk offers a London adventure at the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium.Adventure seekers can choose between day and night climbs of the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium for panoramic （全景的）views of the London skyline.For more information，you can visit experience，tottenhamhotspur，com.
     Discover the history of Inverness and Loch Ness
     Explore Scotland's wonderful wild landscapes （风景）on foot or by bike or boat and seek out the undiscovered paths of Inverness and Loch Ness.Learn fairy stories as you walk through the glens （峡谷）.For those who love history，you can explore ancient palaces.In a word，you can find what you like here.Visit visitinvernesslochness.jye.ai to find out more.
  
  （1）What makes Leeds Castle one of the most visited attractions in Britain？

  
  A．Its people.
  B．Its animals.
  C．Its heritage.
  D．Its weather.
  （2）Which of the following can offer you a view of the whole London？

  
  A．Leeds Castle.
  B．The Dare Skywalk.
  C．Canterbury Cathedral.
  D．Inverness and Loch Ness.
  （3）If you want more information about travelling to Scotland，you can visit

  .
  A．leeds-castle，com
  B．canterbury-cathedral.jye.ai
  C．experience，tottenhamhotspur.com
  D．visitinvernesslochness.jye.ai
  组卷：2引用：1难度：0.6

  解析

• 5．Four Habits to Help You Succeed
  Nobody would like to experience failure.We all want to succeed.For those who have tried and failed，success seems difficult to understand. （1）

  
     Know your values.
     （2）

  Sit and reflect on what you value most.Pick a handful of things and write them down.Remind yourself of your values every day and reflect on whether you are honoring those values through your work.
     （3）

  
     Choose one goal to start something large enough that will give you a sense of achievement while adjusting well to your values.If you want to achieve your goal，focus is the key here.The more focused you are on one goal，the higher chance you have of success.
     Set a time for success.
     Set a date for success.Know when you hope to realize your goal.Keep it realistic while not giving yourself too much time. （4）

  
     Don't give up because of failure.
     Failure can't be avoided when you take risks. （5）

  Many people are likely to give up far too early.Don't fall into this trap（圈套）!Use failure，and treat it as a good thing and go on.
  
  A.Make the right decision.
  B.Pick a goal and focus on it.
  C.Push yourself to be courageous，and take the next step.
  D.By setting a time limit，you are making the process realistic.
  E.By its very definition，the hope to succeed means you are risking failure.
  F.Finding your values is in line with creating motivation（动力）.
  G.I have made a list of four habits to help you set goals and realize them.
  组卷：1引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

• 6．During the war，my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there in order to be（1）

  him.I hated the place.I had never（2）

  been so unhappy.My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty，and I was left in a tiny shack（棚屋）alone.The heat was（3）

  - almost 125° F even in the shade of a cactus （仙人掌）.（4）

  a soul to talk to.The wind blew non-stop，and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed，were（5）

  with sand，sand，sand!
     I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents.I told them I was（6）

  and coming back home.I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer.I（7）

  be in prison!My father answered my（8）

  with just two lines - two lines that will always sing in my（9）

  - two lines that completely changed my life：
     Two men looked out from prison bars.
     One saw the mud，the other saw the stars.
     I read those two lines（10）

  .I was ashamed of myself.I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present（11）

  ；I would look for the stars.
     I made friends with the natives，and their（12）

  amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had（13）

  to sell to tourists.I studied the delightful forms of the cactus.I watched for the desert sunsets，and（14）

  for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean（15）

  .
     What brought about this（16）

  change in me？The desert hadn't changed，（17）

  I had.I had changed my（18）

  .And by doing so，I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing（19）

  of my life.I was excited by this new world that I had discovered.I had looked out of my self-created prison and（20）

  the stars.
  
  

  （1）	A．off	B．behind	C．near	D．beyond
  （2）	A．before	B．already	C．then	D．still
  （3）	A．inflexible	B．incomprehensible	C．uncontrollable	D．unbearable
  （4）	A．Only	B．Not	C．Many	D．Such
  （5）	A．covered	B．filled	C．buried	D．charged
  （6）	A．catching up	B．keeping up	C．giving up	D．getting up
  （7）	A．ought to	B．might well	C．would rather	D．had better
  （8）	A．request	B．call	C．question	D．letter
  （9）	A．comparison	B．imagination	C．consideration	D．memory
  （10）	A．over and over	B．by and by	C．up and down	D．now and then
  （11）	A．company	B．occupation	C．situation	D．relationship
  （12）	A．movement	B．reaction	C．guidance	D．purpose
  （13）	A．refused	B．failed	C．managed	D．happened
  （14）	A．asked	B．hunted	C．waited	D．headed
  （15）	A．floor	B．surface	C．rock	D．level
  （16）	A．shocking	B．challenging	C．puzzling	D．astonishing
  （17）	A．as	B．but	C．for	D．or
  （18）	A．attitude	B．principle	C．identity	D．standard
  （19）	A．vacation	B．operation	C．affair	D．adventure
  （20）	A．sought	B．counted	C．found	D．reached
  组卷：48引用：1难度：0.4

  解析

• 7．阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的 单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填在答题纸上。
  A World Health Day is celebrated every year on April 7，the founding day of the WHO. （1）

  （establish） in 1950，this event has a theme each year to draw attention to a current world health issue.The day is also used to highlight the（2）

  （important） of personal health.For common people，we can take some extra steps（3）

  （care） for our health like getting a gym membership （and going!） or starting a diet.
  B In March 2018，a couple opened the first Zero Green in Bristol， （4）

  （sell） food and household items entirely without packaging.Shoppers（5）

  （encourage） to bring their own containers to take their shopping home.（6）

  there was a lot of trial and error，plus additional challenges，they believe （7）

  they are doing is a sustainable business model.
  C
  Recently，many who drink milk have switched to plant-based milks （8）

  （come） from almonds，soy or rice.And the newest star among them is oat milk.This creamy，delicious drink makes coffee，cereal，and baked goods taste delicious.Another reason for its popularity lies in its benefits.Oat milk contains vitamins and minerals.It also has fiber，（9）

  can help to reduce the risk of heart disease.It is （10）

  （cheap） to make and requires less water to produce than some other plant-based milks.Some people believe it's an environmentally-friendly choice.
  组卷：20引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

写作（共两节，满分40分）

• 8．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
  A Faithful Friend Neil loves to travel and he was so fond of forests.Whenever he plans for a holiday，he would choose a place that is blessed by Mother Nature.To celebrate his son's second birthday，he decided to stay and enjoy the celebration in woods，located at the lap of a mountain.He with his family and friends，reached the village located near the woods and had his stay in the cottage.The cottage was located at the entrance of the dense forest，where the guests can see wolves wandering in the nearby place.
     Neil's son saw a dog at the door and offered him a biscuit.The dog was happy and very soon the little son befriended the dog.On second day，the birthday of the boy was celebrated grandly in the woods within beautiful nature.The dog did not leave the boy even for a minute and they both became close friends.
     The next day，Neil，his wife and others decided to go for hunting in the forest and arranged for a babysitter to take care of the little boy for half a day.
     After 3 hours，all of them returned to the cottage and they seemed very tired.The cottage was open and nobody was jye.aire.The dog saw Neil and others，it rushed to them and licked （舔）Neil's shoes.Neil's wife was shocked to see the blood strain in the dog's mouth.
  注意：
  1．续写的词数应为150左右；
  2．请按如下格式作答。
     Everyone was shocked to see the blood-spattered（溅、洒、泼） mouth.______
     Hearing the noise from the dog，the babysitter rushed out of the room.______
  组卷：9引用：3难度：0.5

  解析

• 9．假定你是李华，你市一家动物保护组织要在森林公园举办野生动物放归大自然活动。请你写信邀请你校交换生John参加，内容包括：
  1.时间和地点；
  2.活动内容介绍。
  注意：1.词数80左右；
  2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
  参考词汇：野生的wild
  组卷：3引用：2难度：0.5

  解析