Bees are important to agriculture.But useful as they are,bees do not receive the same care and concern over their emotional well-being as other agricultural animals.
Ecologist Buchmann's recent book,which collects the work of bee scholars as they work to explain what goes on in their brains,suggests bees can learn,think and even likely feel,much like animals.Buchmann's work also suggests bees should hold a special place in our ethical scheme (道德体系).For Buchmann and some other scientists,what they have learned about bees changes their research strategies to be more ethical,on par with (相当于) the standards set for animals such as mice and monkeys.
Experiments,the outcomes of which are addressed in the book,illustrate the secret life of bees.Lars Chittka,a University College of London professor,did an experiment 16 years ago where he hid a robotic spider in flowers.The spider would grab a careless bee that came too close and then release it after giving it a scare.Chittka observed how the released bees learned to look for the spider and to avoid it.Some would be too scared to approach even unoccupied flowers.
Other studies proved that bee brains saw rushes in chemicals that could bring happiness when they were presented with sucrose (sugar).These happy bees then found more food than their unrewarded bees.By contrast,stress from poor handling lowered the levels of these happy chemicals.
"Many of my colleagues do experiments where bees have some devices placed into various body parts without considering their feelings," Chittka says. "The current care free situation that researchers live in with no legal framework needs to be re-evaluated." There are few laws regarding bee welfare.Buchmann thinks the "unhappiness" of bees might be a contributing factor to the decreasing numbers of bees.
Bees are critical to feeding the world and to plant survival.But the bees need care too.The first step in safeguarding the precious bees is to learn more about them and their lives. "These unique minds,regardless of how much they may differ from ours,have as much justification to exist as we do," says Chittka.
(1)What can we learn about Buchmann's new book? BB
A.It focuses on the ethical scheme.
B.It records some research on bees.
C.It teaches people how to protect bees.
D.It introduces some famous scientists.
(2)Which statement can be used to describe the bees in Chittka's experiment? AA
A.Once bitten,twice shy.
B.Practice makes perfect.
C.Never offer to teach fish to swim.
D.Kill two birds with one stone.
(3)What conclusion can we draw from the studies? CC
A.Bees are well-received.
B.Bees are precious.
C.Bees can have emotions.
D.Bees can handle stress well.
(4)What might be Chittka's advice? CC
A.New devices should be placed in bees.
B.People shouldn't experiment with bees in the lab.
C.New rules should be made for the benefit of bees.
D.The function of bees should be re-evaluated.
【答案】B;A;C;C
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发布:2024/7/11 8:0:9组卷:0引用:2难度:0.5
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The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US:families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(注意力缺陷多动症).Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%;those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
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The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
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