The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago．Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest （抗议） poems on buildings．Modern graffiti （涂鸦艺术） seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s，and by the late sixties it had reached New York．The new art form really took off in the 1970s，when people began writing their names，or "tags"，on buildings all over the city．In the mid-seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window，because the trains were completely covered in spray （喷射） paintings known as masterpieces．
   In the early days，the "taggers" were part of street crowds who were concerned with marking their territory （领地）．They worked in groups called "crews" and called what they did "writing"-the term "graffiti" was first used by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer．Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies．But at the same time when it began to be regarded as an art form，John Lindsay，the then mayor of New York，declared the first war on graffiti．By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught，and instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings．
   The debate over whether graffiti is art or deliberate damage is still going on．Peter Vallone，a New York city councilor （顾问），thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art，but if it is on someone else's property it becomes a crime． "I have a message for the graffiti destroyers out there，" he said recently， "and your freedom of expression ends where my property begins．" On the other hand，Felix，a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City，says that artists are reclaiming （开拓，改造） cities for the public from advertisers，and that graffiti represents freedom and makes cities livelier．
   For decades graffiti has been a springboard （跳板） to international fame for a few．Jean-Michel Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s before becoming a respected artist in the 80s．The Frenchman Blek le Rat and the British artist Banksy have achieved international fame by producing complex works with stencils （模板），often making political or humorous points．Works by Banksy have been sold for over £ 100，000．Graffiti is now sometimes big business．

（1）Why was the seventies an important decade in the history of graffiti？

B

B

A．That was when modern graffiti first appeared．
B．That was when modern graffiti first became really popular．
C．That was when graffiti first reached New York．
D．That was when graffiti first appeared on subway car windows．
（2）What does the underlined word "taggers" in the second paragraph mean？

C

C

A．Names of people who draw graffiti．
B．Building where paints were sprayed．
C．People who marked surface with graffiti．
D．People who were interested in graffiti．
（3）The Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City holds the view that

B

B

？
A．involving young people in graffiti stops them being involved with serious crime．
B．graffiti helps the public to own the streets and take control away from advertisers．
C．graffiti actually increases the value of property by making the area more attractive．
D．graffiti can free artist from being caught by the police．
（4）What is the author's final opinion about graffiti？

A

A

A．Graffiti has now become mainstream and can benefit artists．
B．Graffiti is not a good way to become a respected artist．
C．Some popular graffiti artists end up being ignored by the art world．
D．Some graffiti caused inconvenience to the local environment．