Infectious disease is all around us.Disease-causing agents，such as viruses，usually have specific targets.Some viruses affect only humans；other viruses live in or affect only animals.Problems start when animal viruses are able to infect people as well，a process known as zoonosis.When an animal virus passes to a human，the results can be fatal.Often our immune systems are not accustomed to these viruses and are unable to stop them before they harm us，and even kill us.
In the last three decades，more than 30 zoonotic diseases have emerged around the globe.HIV is an example.It evolved from a virus originally carried by African monkeys，and later chimps.Today conservative estimates suggest that HIV has infected more than 70 million people in the past three decades，though this number may be higher.SARS，a type of flu that jumped from chickens to humans is another type of zoonotic disease.
But how do these viruses pass from animals to humans？Contact is crucial.Human destruction of animal habitats，for example，is forcing wild animals to move closer to places people live - putting humans at risk for exposure to animal viruses.The closer humans are to animals，the greater the risk of being bitten，scratched or exposed to animal waste which can enable a virus to pass from an animal to a human.Raising animals （for example，on a farm） or keeping certain kinds of animal and wild animals （like monkeys） as pets increases the risk of exposure.Eating animals that are diseased can also result in the virus being transmitted.
The factor that is probably most responsible for the spread of some zoonotic diseases worldwide is international travel.In 1999，for example，a deadly disease - one that had never been seen before in the western hemisphere - appeared in the United States.There were several incidences that year of both birds and people becoming sick and dying in New York City，and doctors could not explain why.Subsequently，they discovered that the deaths had been caused by the same thing：the West Nile virus，found typically in birds and transmitted by mosquitoes that live in parts of northern Africa.Somehow this virus probably carried by an infected mosquito or bird on a plane or ship arrived in the US.Now，birds and mosquitoes native to North America are carriers of this virus as well.
Today researchers are working to create vaccines for many of these zoonotic diseases in the hope of controlling their impact on humans.Other specialists are trying to make communities more aware of disease prevention and treatment and to help people understand that we are all-humans，animals，and insects-in this together.
（1）Which of the following ways of transmitting disease is called zoonotic？ BB
A．A flu from a mother to a child.
B．Viruses from a monkey to a boy.
C．A cough from one student to another.
D．Blood from one person to another.
（2）According to the passage，what is most probably to blame for zoonotic diseases which spread wide？ CC
A．Exposure to animal waste and sneezes.
B．Raising pets at home and shaking hands.
C．Contact with animals and long distance travel.
D．Being scratched by animals and stung by mosquitoes.
（3）We can infer from the passage that DD.
A．a zoonotic disease is complicated but curable
B．animals prefer places close to where people live
C．vaccines are effective in dealing with any kind of disease
D．education can help address the potential infections disease
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？ BB
A．The travel that is fatal
B．The virus that threatens
C．The diseases that dominates
D．The vaccines that are being developed
【答案】B；C；D；B
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发布：2024/4/20 14:35:0组卷：5引用：1难度：0.5
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