人教版（2019）必修3《Unit 4 Space Exploration》2021年单元测试卷（1）

第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节　（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

• 1．It seems we can't get off the planet fast enough.Two thirds of NASA's money is spent on manned space exploration，and that number will grow with the USA's decision to send a man to Mars in 2037.We've seen all there is to see on Earth，right？Wrong.The final place is here，under the surface of the sea.
     Heading down into the ocean，human limits are quickly reached.At 200 metres，the water is as black as a moonless night.Most nuclear submarines （核潜艇）would implode （内爆）before they reach 1 km down.At 3 km-still less than the average depth of the ocean-there's a good chance that you'll discover a new species.The deepest-diving whales go no further.At the very bottom，about 11 km down，lies the Challenger Deep，the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon，but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.
     Yet things live down there.Big things.A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale，the largest creature known on the planet.
     In the late 1990s，deep-water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean，and passing 4，000 metres，it discovered something huge passing under it.Surprised？Don't be.The ocean covers 70% of the planet's surface and we've studied less than 5% of it.We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.
     One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms.The search for life outside of Earth is important，but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans.They're absolutely important for doing ocean research too，but they can't look under the sea.The cost of exploration is rising，but the results would benefit all our lives.Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food，drugs and energy.
     Perhaps now it's time to begin a new period of sea exploration.Manned exploration of space is science fiction （科幻小说）.The adventure of the deep sea is science fact.
  
  （1）What do we know about the Challenger Deep？

  
  A．Blue whales live there.
  B．No one has ever been there.
  C．People are terrified by the sight of it.
  D．It is the deepest known location on Earth.
  （2）Why do we need to explore the sea？

  
  A．Sea exploration is cheaper than ever before.
  B．We have explored less than 5% of the sea.
  C．It will help improve our future life.
  D．It will benefit space exploration.
  （3）What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean？

  
  A．It's surprising.
  B．It's no wonder.
  C．It's worrying.
  D．It's no success.
  （4）What does the author want to tell us？

  
  A．Space exploration is of little value.
  B．We spend too much money on space travel.
  C．Humans' success lies in how much they explore the sea.
  D．The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.
  组卷：10引用：1难度：0.6

  解析

• 2．What are your retirement plans？Keep working？Get more exercise？Or learn something new？You may put them on hold.There's a chance that，sooner or later，you might have to move further than you were thinking，as far as Mars.
     On Thursday，National Geographic will show the first-ever Mars show home，giving earthlings （地球人）an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet.In the not-so-distant year of 2037，the igloo-shaped structure could be the home of your future.
     It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft （航天器）parts and Martian soil，called regolith，which has been microwaved into bricks.Some parts of the home are recognizable-a kitchen，a bedroom-but there are fundamental differences that are important to human survival.
     As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth's，people will need permanent（永久的）shelter from the sun；society will move largely indoors.Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses won't have windows.The homes will have simulated solar lighting，or natural light that has been bent several times.
     Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick to protect people from dangerous rays（光线）that can pass through six feet of steel，and a double air-locked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.
     "We don't think of our houses as things that keep us alive，but on Mars your house will be a survival centre，" says Stephen Petranek，author of How We'll Live on Mars.This is not just the stuff of sci-fi. "10 to 20 years from now there will certainly be people on Mars，" Petranek says.
     "We've had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars，but we haven't had the will，" Petranek says.But two main factors have "completely swung public attitudes".
     The private companies' participation has forced government agencies to speed up their game，and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught society's eye.
  
  （1）What do the underlined words "put them on hold" in Paragraph 1 probably mean？

  
  A．Put them off.
  B．Give them away.
  C．Carry them through.
  D．Take them seriously.
  （2）What can we know about the show home from the text？

  
  A．It has no windows or doors due to security concern.
  B．Its design presents the idea of environmental protection.
  C．It has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.
  D．Its underground passages connect all the buildings together.
  （3）According to Petranek，what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars？

  
  A．The great influence of the Mars show home.
  B．The development of related technology.
  C．The competition from private companies.
  D．The popularity of influential books on Mars.
  （4）What is the best title for the text？

  
  A．Living on Mars：Possible or Not
  B．Sending People to Mars：Yes or No
  C．First-ever Show Home：How Is It Made
  D．Future Home on Mars：What Will It Be Like
  组卷：25引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

• 3．Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.For example，the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellites.Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the earth to show how clouds are moving.Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
     Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites.Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites.Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
     We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.They are usually 35，880 kilometers above the equator.Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.This is because it is moving around the world at 11，000 kilometers an hour-exactly the same speed as the earth rotates （旋转）at.A satellite must orbit the earth with its antennae （天线）facing the earth.Sometimes，it moves away from its orbit.So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position.This usually happens about every five or six days.
     Space is not empty！Every week，more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the earth.A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years.Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to the earth to be repaired.Often，very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the earth for a very long time.This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
  
  （1）What's the speed the earth rotates at？

  
  A．35，880 kilometers per hour.
  B．335，880 kilometers per hour.
  C．11，000 kilometers per hour.
  D．110，000 kilometers per hour.
  （2）Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage？

  
  A．Sending information for weather forecasts.
  B．Taking photographs of the earth.
  C．Sending TV pictures.
  D．Providing food for airplane pilots.
  （3）Which is true of satellites？

  
  A．A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years.
  B．Every time a satellite gets broken，it is brought back to the earth to be repaired.
  C．A broken satellite is never left in space.
  D．They often crash into each other.
  （4）What does the underlined word "This" in the 3rd paragraph refer to？

  
  A．A satellite.
  B．A little rocket.
  C．A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.
  D．The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.
  组卷：8引用：2难度：0.6

  解析

第三部分　写作（共两节，满分15分）第一节　（满分15分）

• 8．假定你是李华，暑假作为交换生在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展，请写一封信申请做志愿者（volunteer）．
  内容包括：
  1． 写信目的；
  2． 个人优势；
  3． 期待答复．
  注意：
  1． 词数 100 左右；
  2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
  组卷：23引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

第二节　（满分25分）

• 9．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
      For many years，I had a recurring （重复出现的）dream.I was a little girl again，rushing about，trying to get ready for school.
      "Hurry，you'll be late for school，" my mother called to me.
      "I am hurrying，Mom!What did I do with my books？"
      Deep inside I knew where the dream came from.It was about some unfinished business in my life.As a kid，I loved everything about school.I loved books，teachers，tests and homework.Most of all I longed to someday march down the aisle（通道）to receive my diploma.That seemed more appealing even than getting married.
      But at 15，I had to drop out because my parents couldn't afford tuition（学费）.My hope of getting a diploma was dead，or so I thought.Pretty soon，I married and had three children，and I thought："There goes my diploma."
      Even so，I wanted my children to be educated.But Linda，our youngest child，had juvenile arthritis （幼年型关节炎）in her hands and knees，which made it impossible for her to function in a normal classroom.I felt really sorry for her and I didn't want her to live her life with regret.I didn't give up hope of her being back to school in some way.
      One day，I saw an ad in the newspaper for evening courses. "That's the answer，"I said to myself.Linda always feels better in the evening，so I'll just sign her up for night school.
      Linda was busy filling out enrollment（入学）forms when the secretary said："Mrs.Schantz，why don't you come back to school？"
      I laughed："There's no way!I'm 55！" But he persisted，and before I knew what I had done，I was enrolled for classes in English and crafts. "This is only an experiment，" I warned him，but he just smiled.So，I told myself to try for just a semester and to see if it would work.Anyway，my dream was still there in my heart.
  Paragraph 1：
  It was exciting to go to school again but_____________________
  Paragraph 2：
  Linda and I saw each other through the time.______________________
  组卷：16引用：2难度：0.5

  解析