2022-2023学年天津市南开区高三（上）质检英语试卷（二）

单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分， 满分15分）

• 1．— David was late for the biology class this morning.
  —________？As far as I know，he never came late to class.（　　）

  A．So what

  B．How come

  C．Why not

  D．What for
  组卷：24引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

• 2．We've done a solid preparation so this is ________ our team is supposed to shine.（　　）

  A．what

  B．whether

  C．which

  D．where
  组卷：92引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

• 3．Scientists ________ research in order to seek greater understanding of the brain，especially since the 1950s.（　　）

  A．conducted	B．have been conducted
  C．have been conducting	D．had conducted
  组卷：78引用：3难度：0.5

  解析

• 4．Despite previous failed attempts，the scientists believed they would make a breakthrough in the ________ experiments.（　　）

  A．subsequent	B．critical
  C．primary	D．independent
  组卷：32引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

• 5．—How did you make so rapid progress in your English？Do you have any secrets？
  —No.Only ________ hard working.（　　）

  A．in terms of	B．in honor of
  C．by means of	D．on behalf of
  组卷：14引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

• 6．—I need to tell Kevin the conference has been canceled.
  —_________ He's already on his way.（　　）

  A．The sooner the better.

  B．Don't bother.

  C．You've got me there.

  D．How could you？
  组卷：32引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

• 7．These biological discoveries all help us understand the ________ for life on our planet，even in the most extreme circumstances.（　　）

  A．component	B．coverage
  C．capacity	D．comprehension
  组卷：51引用：4难度：0.5

  解析

阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。

• 21．Why would human beings waste a third of their lives sleeping when they could be doing more important things like looking after their families or working？Some scientists believe sleeping helps recharge the body.jye.ai others think it is important for strengthening newly formed memories.Now，there is new evidence which suggests that the purpose of sleep may be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.
      The neurons in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites （树突）.These grow as we learn new things and connect the brain's cells to each other at contact points called synapses （突触）.The larger the dendrites become and the more cells they connect，the more information we store.
      In 2018.Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli，both biologists at the University of Wisconsin Madison，suggested a new idea：The things our brains learn each day result in so many synapses that things start to get a little messy.Sleeping allows us to sort through （整理） the "noise" and dispense all the unnecessary information.leaving behind only the most important memories.
      Recently，the university's research has provided direct evidence to support the jye.aiory.The experiment involved analyzing 6.920 synapses in the brain shavings from two groups of mice over a four-year period：one group had been allowed to sleep，while the other had been kept awake and entertained with toys.The researchers discovered that the brain shavings of the sleeping mice had nearly 20 percent fewer synapses than those that had been kept awake and entertained.
      It was also evident during the study that the brain does not shave every synapse.20% of neurons remained unchanged：these were most likely well established memories.Therefore.although we may be sleeping to forget some of what we've learned，the brain "forgets" in a smart way.
      Most researchers believe clearing our brains is not the only purpose of sleep.
      Resting our minds and bodies has also been found to help with other biological functions like strengthening our immunity.Though scientists may never agree on a single reason.jye.ai are all sure of one thing — a good night's rest is essential for our health.So try and spend at least a third of your day sleeping!
  
  （1）What's the purpose of sleeping according to the new discovery？（no more than 15 words）

  
  （2）What's the main idea of Paragraph 2？（no more than 10 words）

  
  （3）What does the underlined word "dispense" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（no more than 5 words）

  
  （4）What agreement do all the scientists probably reach about sleeping according to the text？（no more than 10 words）

  
  （5）Do you think a good night's sleep will benefit your next-day study？Please explain in your own words. （no more than 20 words）
  组卷：11引用：2难度：0.4

  解析

书面表达（满分25分）

• 22．假如你是高中生李津，你的英国朋友Johnson得知中国的航天员在空间站对全国的青少年进行"天宫课堂"授课后，对此很感兴趣，在电子邮件中询问详细的信息和你听课的感受。请根据以下要点写一封回信：
  （1）"天宫课堂"已经播出到了第三课，受到学生们的欢迎；
  （2）观看了很多科学实验在零重力条件下的演示；
  （3）加深对于理科学习的兴趣，产生了作为一名中国学生的自豪感。
  参考词汇：中国空间站China Space Station；零重力zero-gravity；航天员taikonaut
  注意 ：
  （1）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
  （2）文中不可出现真实的个人信息；
  （3）词数不少于100（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
  Dear Johnson，
  In your last e-mail，you mentioned your interest in the "Tiangong Classroom."
  _______
  Looking forward to your reply.
  Yours sincerely，
  Li Jin
  组卷：7引用：2难度：0.5

  解析