牛津译林版（2019）必修3《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world》2021年同步练习卷

一、阅读理解（共1小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

• 1．You might think that diving into water would frighten us to death.But it turns out that just the opposite is true. "Diving into water has some surprisingly calming effects，" says Roly Russell ，a researcher at the Sandhill Institute for Complexity and Sustainability.When a person's face is underwater，research has found that the heart rate slows and certain blood vessels（血管）become narrower.Blood is redistributed（重新分布）from the legs and arms to the brain，heart，and other central organs.At the same time，elements of the sympathetic nervous system and the body's "fight-or-flight" responses tend to relax.Russell says that these physiological （生理上的）changes are known collectively as the human "dive response".The dive response was first observed in sea mammals，and it's thought to help the mammalian body store oxygen when underwater.ER doctors have used the human dive response to treat certain types of heart disease.
   The dive response is just one example of the deep connection that human beings have with water，and，more broadly，with nature.Public-health and urban-planning experts have long recognized the well-being benefits of parks，trees，and other "green spaces".A 2016 research review conducted by the World Health Organization concluded that green spaces could reduce death among city residents in part by reducing stress and improving "psychological relaxation".While water often features in these green spaces-either intentionally，as is the case with fountain or pool，or accidentally in parks or walking paths situated near rivers and other bodies of water--the "blue" elements of these urban green spaces have tended to be neglected in the health research.
   But recently，the "Blue Health" initiative，a European research group led by scientists at the University of Exeter，has found evidence that spending time in or around water may be just as beneficial to human health as spending time in green spaces. "You can take almost all the green-space research，put it in the word blue，and find a lot of the same effects，" says Wallace J.Nichols，a marine biologist. "Green space is good.But add a pond or a fountain or a lakeshore.It's better.Water takes away things that disturb you. "
   Why does water do all of this good work for us？One of the likely explanations is that we need water to live.Some part of the human brain may feel anxious when a source of water is out of sight.
   Some evolutionary scientists have even guessed that for major stretches of our species' history，human beings may have spent significant amounts of time in and near water，which some have pointed to as an explanation for our lack of body hair and other water-friendly characteristics.
  
  （1）How do researchers analyze the calming effects of water？

  
  A．By studying human bodies' changes in water.
  B．By analyzing the way humans dive into water.
  C．By comparing humans' response with animals'.
  D．By observing animals' nervous systems in water.
  （2）What can we know about the dive response？

  
  A．It is of some medical value.
  B．It was first discovered on humans.
  C．It helps produce blood in the body.
  D．It confused doctors for many years.
  （3）What does the underlined word "neglected" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？

  
  A．Doubted.
  B．Ignored.
  C．Replaced.
  D．Destroyed.
  （4）Why do some people think human beings are water-friendly？

  
  A．Human beings have little hair on their bodies.
  B．Human beings depend on water for their survival.
  C．Human beings had easy access to water in the past.
  D．Human beings have a close relationship with water.
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