2022-2023学年山西省太原师范学院附中高三（上）第一次月考英语试卷
发布：2024/11/22 16:0:2
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共4小题；每小题9分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
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1．To improve a high schooler's chance of getting into a top university，the summer programs allow young students to explore fields of interest and get a taste of college life.
Telluride Association Summer Program （TASP）
TASP is a six-week program allowing high school freshmen from around the world to grow their sense of interpersonal awareness and community responsibiljye.aiy.It's completely free，including the cost of tuition，books and even travel.
Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science （MITES）
This week-long program aimed at helping all US high school students develop the skills necessary for future job in engineering while learning about the value and reward of acquiring advanced technical degrees.MITES is free-the only expense is the transportation to and from MIT.
Clark Scholar Program （CSP）
High school students coming from across the globe are offered the unique opportunity to gain hands-on research experience in mathematics field while working one on one with teaching staff over four intense weeks.Everything is free for chosen applicants except their meals.
JCamp
The seven-week one brings high school freshmen and sophomores from various backgrounds together for participating in sessions and workshops led by notable journalists where students can get hands-on training in journalism.JCamp is free if selected-participants only need to pay for the board.
（1）What can be expected of MITES？
A．It is accessible to worldwide students.
B．It lays a foundation for career prospect.
C．It makes no extra charge for transportation.
D．It awards students advanced technical degrees.
（2）Which program is suitable for a UK high schooler with up to 5 spare weeks？
A．TASP.
B．MITES.
C．CSP.
D．JCamp.
（3）What is the shared goal of the programs？
A．To seek for one-on-one instruction.
B．To develop a sense of social duty.
C．To get participants better prepared for college.
D．To advertise some majors of the top universities.组卷：1引用：3难度：0.5 -
2．Imagine that you take a walk around your yard or nearby park and immediately，the sounds of an insect band surround you.Produced by the muscular movements of insects called treehopper （角蝉），this imagined soundscape comes from vibrations（共鸣、振动）that flow across the surface of plants.But it is not at all like the familiar vocalizations of crickets（蟋蟀）；instead，it's something richer，more varied.Some sounds are song-like，others are similar to the noises of machines or musical instruments.The noise made from even a single plant may be "as noisy as a busy street".
In An Immense World：How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us，Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist Ed Yong explains that，on a real walk instead of this one we've imagined，humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers' music without special equipment.In the company of scientists with a laser vibrometer（振动计），a device that changes the treehopper vibrations into sounds audible to human ears，Yong gets to hear them in the wild and in the laboratory.He is shocked by the attractive sounds.
In this book that follows on from 2018's I Contain Multitudes，Yong writes in a perfect balance of scientific severity and personal awe as he invites readers to grasp something of how other animals experience the world.Communicating through surface vibrations is a rather cool example that extends beyond treehoppers to elephants and spiders，and to this fact about frogs.Attuned to vibrations entering the eggs，frog hatches quickly if a snake shows up with a hard bite，but ignore rain，wind，footsteps and even an earthquake.
My admiration for the book is，well，immense.Like many thousands of other people，I have relied throughout the course of COVID-19 on Yong's reporting at The Atlantic as he cracked open the fast-changing world of pandemic science.Now，with An Immense World，Yong brings into beautiful focus a host of other animal sensory worlds that co-exist with ours，and how we may protect them.
（1）How does the soundscape come about according to paragraph 1？
A．It comes from humans' muscles.
B．It arises from the vocalizations of crickets.
C．It comes from an imaginable world.
D．It arises from vibrations flowing across the surface of plants.
（2）Why can Yong hear the treehopper's music？
A．Because of a laser device.
B．Because of the surface of plants.
C．Because of the nature of the insects.
D．Because of the special imaginable environment.
（3）What can we learn about An Immense World？
A．It appeals to all kinds of peoples.
B．It is aimed at protecting the animals.
C．It is scheduled to be published next year.
D．It describes a virtual world full of animals.
（4）What is the text？
A．A news report.
B．A historical novel.
C．A book review.
D．A personal biography.组卷：28引用：4难度：0.9 -
3．Stanford University researchers have developed a device called a nature-inspired aerial grasper，or SNAG，which can be attached to a quadcopter drone （四轴无人机） to give it feet and legs like those of an eagle.When equipped with the device，the drone is able to fly around catching and carrying objects and perching（栖息）on various surfaces，according to a Stanford news release dated Dec.1，2021，describing the work.
But copying the flexibility of birds wasn't easy to do.The researchers shot videos of small parrots flying back and forth between special perches that contained sensors to measure the physical forces of landing，perching and takeoff.
"What surprised us was that they did the same aerial military exercise，no matter what surfaces they were landing on，" one of the researchers，William Roderick，explained in the news release. "They let the feet handle the variability and complexity of the surface texture itself，" he said.
Giving a drone similar abilities required technological feat.SNAG has a -3 D-printed structure that imitates an eagle's lightweight bones，and each of its legs is equipped with a motor for moving back and forth and a second one for grasping.
Mechanisms in the robot's legs are designed to absorb impact energy and passively change it into grasping force，the way that a bird's muscles would.As a result，a drone equipped with the device can grasp something strongly in just 20 milliseconds.Once the robot's feet are wrapped around a perch，its ankles lock and an accelerometer—a device that measures vibration-detects the landing and activates a balancing algorithm（算法）to stabilize it on the perch.
Elsewhere，researchers at other institutions also have been working for years on giving drones the ability to land and hang onto something.As this 2019 Smithsonian article explains，being able to land in various places helps drones to conserve energy that would expend by having to remain in the air.That's important，because the flight time of robotic aircrafts is limited by their battery power.
（1）What inspired the SNAG's development？
A．The way parrots perch.
B．The military exercise.
C．The 3 D-printed technology.
D．The eagle's lightweight bones.
（2）What makes the drones' grabbing something strongly so quickly possible？
A．The powerful battery.
B．Their ability to imitate parrots' taking off.
C．The application of advanced flying techniques.
D．The mechanical devices modeling a bird's muscles.
（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Flight time is not vital to the drones.
B．After 2019，researchers quit efforts to improve flight time.
C．Flight time has been a problem before this study.
D．Researching the ability to land and hang onto something is meaningless.
（4）What is the most suitable title for the text？
A．Drones，an application to the military
B．Robotic drones，really like birds
C．Robotic drones，a comparison of birds
D．Quadcopter drones，advanced technology组卷：3引用：6难度：0.6
第三部分 写作分（共两节，满分10分）第一节 短文改错（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）
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8．文中共有10处语言错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出修改后的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误仅限1词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My brother has been fond at building things since he was a kid.After earning a degree in computer science，he has developed software for different businesses.With his childhood dream in mind，he eventual quit the job and began to build 3-D printers.Having never taken some classes in electrical engineering or robotics，he found everything he was supposed know on the Internet.He often starts with some parts finding from online stores.The rest is trial and error.He comes up with a design idea，test it and observes the result.If it doesn't work，he analyzes why or starts over.That's not so different from what a scientist does an experiment.I admire him for his applying original idea to real-world problems.I hope he will succeed.组卷：1引用：1难度：0.5
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
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9．假设你是李华，你们学校要举行一个主题为"Nature is our best teacher"的英语作文比赛，请根据你对下图的理解写一篇参赛文章，内容包括：
（1）简要描述图画内容；
（2）概述图画内容对你的启示。
注意：（1）词数100左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。组卷：7引用：5难度：0.5
