2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高二（下）期中英语试卷

Grammar and VocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，illintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

• 1．The Real Cost of Travel Mass tourism is a relatively recent phenomenon.The tourism industry （1）

  （take） off in the middle of the last century and it's been growing ever sjye.aice.In the last ten years especially，more and more people have been traveling to places （2）

  we had previously only read about or seen on television.But what kind of impact does tourism have on the planet？
     A voyage to the end of the earth？
     A large cruise ship（邮轮）can carry as many as 6，000 passengers and there are upwards of 50 such ships currently （3）

  （sail） the seas.Cruise ships dump about 90，000 tons of waste into the oceans every year.Any harmful effects of this are made even worse by the fact （4）

  cruises tend to visit the same places over and over again，thus concentrating the waste in specific places.
     Trash on top of the world
     From remote ocean habitats to the world's highest mountain，our trash is everywhere.Though far fewer people go climbing the Himalayas than on a cruise，their impact （5）

  （still feel）.Tourism is vital to the economy of Nepal， （6）

  it is to many non-industrial countries.But for decades，climbers have been abandoning their unwanted equipment on Everest.For the last few years，clean-up teams of local and international climbers have been organizing hiking trips just （7）

  （pick） up the waste.One group has brought over eight tons of waste down from the mountain!
     When more is not better
     Tourism of a different kind is causing problems in Europe.Construction on the Mediterranean coast has been （8）

  control for years.Beach resorts form an almost unbroken line from Gibraltar to Greece，and natural habitats have disappeared under miles of concrete.And so we pollute the sea，the land，and the air.Low-cost air travel is booming，in spite of （or perhaps （9）

  （help） by） economic problems.For many Europeans，low-cost flights allow them to take several short vacations a year.Yet curiously，short flights actually have a much bigger effect on climate change than long flights.So，are there （10）

  （damaging） ways of seeing the world？Traveling by train，for example，is a much greener way of getting around.
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

二.Directions： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．
  

  A.build B.precisely C.reason D.reinvent E.relative F.social G.survive H.theoretically I.jye.ai J.transmission K.jye.ai

  Three things that make us human All species on Earth，including humans，are unique.Yet our intelligence and creativity go well beyond those of any other animal.Humans have long communicated through language，and invented ever more complex tools that have enabled our species to （1）

  and develop.
     ＞Our brains
     Without doubt，the human trait （特征）that sets us apart the most from the animal kingdom is our extraordinary brain.Humans don't have the largest brains in the world—those belong to sperm whales.We don't even have the largest brains （2）

  to body size—many birds have brains that make up more than 8% of their body weight，compared to only 2.5% for humans.Yet the human brain，which weighs about three pounds when fully grown，gives us the ability to （3）

  and think on our feet beyond the capabilities of the rest of the animal kingdom.It gave us the （4）

  of Einstein，Mozart and many other geniuses.
     ＞Language
     Many species communicate with vocal sounds.But language is a special form of communication.Full language，with rules for combining sounds into words，and words into sentences，probably originated at some point about 50，000 years ago.But we will probably never know （5）

  when and where language originated.Fossils，DNA evidence，comparisons with other animals，and studies of how languages change over time all provide clues，but spoken language itself leaves few （6）

  .It most likely evolved from a simpler form of communication.Chimpanzees use both gestures and vocal calls to communicate status and other complex （7）

  information.It is possible that our ancestors also expressed themselves first with gestures or simple words，then developed rules for linking them into sentences.
     A Learning from each other
     Our unique brains and dexterity（灵巧）of our hands use of tools possible，but we also rely on the cultural （8）

  of ideas.Culture is at the heart of being human.We put our heads together，we share ideas，and learn from each other，recognizing a past，a present，and a future.We learn from the past， （9）

  on this in the present，and expect the future.Without culture，each new generation would be forced to （10）

  the wheel.
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

三. Reading Comprehension

• 3．    One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica （大英百科全书）.It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time.The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how（1）

  some of our current truths are bound to be.Certainties in areas we haven't yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come.And one of those we are still remarkably（2）

  is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies.We're surrounded by confident（3）

  on how to eat，how to avoid or reverse obesity （肥胖），and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter.Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than（4）

  .
      Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed，a book by one of Britain's leading nutrition researchers，Tim Spector of King's College London.Its subtitle is： "Why almost everything we've been told about food is wrong." It is a call for us to（5）

  more.
      One by one Spector offers answers to recent food（6）

  .Coffee can save our lives，he says.Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent.Butter does not damage our hearts，Spector argues，and salt is vital.Eggs have gone "from heroes to villains and back again".Don't say no to all red meat on（7）

  grounds；occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are "probably good for you".Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug，but the one thing for which it's（8）

  useless is losing weight.Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven（9）

  but which can cause real harm.Even vitamin D，which Spector used to study and believe in，he now（10）

  .
      Spector also offers more than a set of currently（11）

  tips.The science of nutrition has not been solved by him，as he would be the first to admit.His most（12）

  point is that there is no one size that fits all.Our bodies are complex，and our reactions are（13）

  ：yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why.
      Some combination of food choices，genes，environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe （微生物的） combinations in our body ― yes different（14）

  for each of us，leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat.This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to（15）

  the global trend to obesity，with all the risks we've witnessed this year.
  

  （1）	A．well-known	B．aim-oriented	C．ill-founded	D．long-lived
  （2）	A．certain about	B．ignorant of	C．capable of	D．worried about
  （3）	A．decisions	B．courses	C．focuses	D．suggestions
  （4）	A．facts	B．chances	C．reasons	D．features
  （5）	A．investigate	B．demand	C．concentrate	D．spend
  （6）	A．supplies	B．shortages	C．standards	D．myths
  （7）	A．culture	B．history	C．economy	D．health
  （8）	A．equally	B．practically	C．socially	D．impossibly
  （9）	A．effectiveness	B．consciousness	C．competitiveness	D．emptiness
  （10）	A．serves	B．shares	C．recognizes	D．dismisses
  （11）	A．pointless	B．topical	C．defensible	D．additional
  （12）	A．emotional	B．significant	C．questionable	D．forgivable
  （13）	A．individual	B．unpredictable	C．important	D．available
  （14）	A．changes	B．outcomes	C．profits	D．addicts
  （15）	A．start	B．analyze	C．stop	D．reflect
  组卷：37引用：4难度：0.3

  解析

四.Section BDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

• 4．     The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830，when a stagecoach won a race against America's first domestically manufactured steam locomotive （蒸汽机车）.
      Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.
      The contest over the gently rolling hills of the Sauerland，a pretty district in western Germany，started as a joke.
      Klaus-Peter Kappest，a photographer from Oberkirchen，had been frustrated for years by the slow pace of his uploads.At 15 megabits （比特，一种信息量单位） per second，it sometimes takes him several hours to send a batch of high-resolution images to his clients.One day Mr Kappest，52，was chatting to his colleagues at Woll，a local magazine.He suggested that he would be better off delivering his photographs by horse. "That was the most reliable communications technology in the Middle Ages，" he said. "And the editor said， 'Well let's do it then，let's see which is truly faster."
      Mr Kappest turned to Jakob Schutte，a rider who lives in the same village，and Favo，his horse.The photographer burnt 4.2 GB of images on to a DVD，packed it into a bag and sent it off with Favo and Mr Schutte on the 10km ride to the printer's office in Schmallenberg.
      At the same time he uploaded the data through WeTransfer，a popular file-sharing service.The computer had a 20-minute head start while Mr Schutte started off down the road，past Wilzenberg mountain.Favo made the journey in 104 minutes.The file transfer，however，was not finished until the horse had returned to Oberkirchen more than two hours later.In total it took five hours.
      There was a serious point behind the story.Germany has long been known for its poor broadband and mobile internet coverage，particularly in the countryside.Two years ago a report by a network regulator found that 29 per cent of internet users received less than half the speed to which they were contractually entitled.While things have improved，a global survey carried out this year found that it took on average 16 minutes and eight seconds to download a 5 GB film through a German internet connection—a little better than the UK but worse than Puerto Rico and Barbados.
      In the Sauerland，Mr Kappest's area，millions of euros have been spent on a new network but the connections have yet to be switched on in dozens of towns and villages，including Oberkirchen.The horse race did its job：Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month.
  
  （1）The story of a stagecoach is mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to

  .
  A．lead in the topic
  B．introduce a new race
  C．highlight a historical year
  D．correct people's misunderstanding
  （2）Which of the following is true of Jakob Schutte and his horse？

  
  A．They were hired by WeTransfer.
  B．They used to live in Schmallenberg.
  C．They completed the task in less than two hours.
  D．They spent five hours on the way to Oberkirchen.
  （3）Which of the following is a consequence of the horse race？

  
  A．Germany will realize its poor broadband service.
  B．Mr Kappest will soon have a better internet connection.
  C．More euros will be spent on the new network in the Sauerland.
  D．Oberkirchen will be the first in Germany to stop any horse race，
  （4）Which of the following may be the best title of the passage？

  
  A．Germany falls behind in wifi connection
  B．History hardly repeats itself in normal ways
  C．Uploading photographs in a modern world is all that easy
  D．Horse power still has an advantage in race with village wifi
  组卷：3引用：2难度：0.3

  解析

七. Translation

• 12．50年前，这里还是人迹罕至的海滩，与今天的游人如织迥然不同。（contrast） （汉译英）
  组卷：1引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

八. Guided Writing

• 13．假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Mike的邮件。在邮件中，他提到自己因为刚来上海读大学，生活（如饮食和同学交流）和学习（如中文授课）上都不太习惯。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：
  1）你的建议；
  2）你的理由。
  组卷：2引用：1难度：0.5

  解析