2022-2023学年河南省郑州第四高级中学高三（上）第二次调研英语试卷
发布：2024/11/2 7:0:2
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
-
1．Make It Modular：Student Design Challenge! Imagine your community as a material bank，rich with resources to reuse.How could you improve the built environment by upcycling waste，circulating （循环） existing materials，or regenerating nature？Your challenge is to design a structure that meets a need in your community now but could also be repurposed later.
"Designing for deconstruction" involves a modular approach in which building elements could be easily reconfigured，reimagined，and repurposed over time.
Your design should：
• Include an approximately 20' long x 8' wide x 9.6' high volumetric module
• Be relevant to one of the following uses：
*Affordable Housing
*Covid-era Public Space
*Reimagined Outdoor Classroom
• Approach the task with a real-world perspective，demonstrating skills and knowledge from one or more of the following fields：architecture，engineering，construction，and/or the skilled trades
Requirements：
1.Open to students ages 13-21 and currently enrolled （入学）in high school or homeschooled.
2.All entries MUST share the entrant's grade level in the introductory step.
3.Submissions must be entered between March 7，2022，and June 20，2022.
If you have never posted an Instructable before，please refer to How to Write an Instructable guide for more information.
The prizes are intended as scholarship funds to support the winners' education，such as tuition，books，room & board or transportation.
Entries will be judged based on the following criteria：
*3 D Digital Literacy （能力）and Design；
*Engineering Mindset；
*Real-world Relevance；
*Presentation.
Read the full contest rules for more details.
（1）According to the passage，the designs can.
A．be used now and repurposed later
B．be placed in a material bank
C．be submitted on August 20，2022
D．be related to art and literature
（2）If a student has never posted an Instructable before，what should he or she do？
A．Contact the organizers.
B．Quit the design contest.
C．Refer to an online guide.
D．Read the full contest rules.
（3）What can winners do with the prizes？
A．To enroll in a high school.
B．To pay for tuition and books.
C．To polish his presentation.
D．To improve the built environment.组卷：1引用：3难度：0.5 -
2．Imagine that you take a walk around your yard or nearby park and immediately，the sounds of an insect band surround you.Produced by the muscular movements of insects called treehopper （角蝉），this imagined soundscape comes from vibrations（共鸣、振动）that flow across the surface of plants.But it is not at all like the familiar vocalizations of crickets（蟋蟀）；instead，it's something richer，more varied.Some sounds are song-like，others are similar to the noises of machines or musical instruments.The noise made from even a single plant may be "as noisy as a busy street".
In An Immense World：How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us，Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist Ed Yong explains that，on a real walk instead of this one we've imagined，humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers' music without special equipment.In the company of scientists with a laser vibrometer（振动计），a device that changes the treehopper vibrations into sounds audible to human ears，Yong gets to hear them in the wild and in the laboratory.He is shocked by the attractive sounds.
In this book that follows on from 2018's I Contain Multitudes，Yong writes in a perfect balance of scientific severity and personal awe as he invites readers to grasp something of how other animals experience the world.Communicating through surface vibrations is a rather cool example that extends beyond treehoppers to elephants and spiders，and to this fact about frogs.Attuned to vibrations entering the eggs，frog hatches quickly if a snake shows up with a hard bite，but ignore rain，wind，footsteps and even an earthquake.
My admiration for the book is，well，immense.Like many thousands of other people，I have relied throughout the course of COVID-19 on Yong's reporting at The Atlantic as he cracked open the fast-changing world of pandemic science.Now，with An Immense World，Yong brings into beautiful focus a host of other animal sensory worlds that co-exist with ours，and how we may protect them.
（1）How does the soundscape come about according to paragraph 1？
A．It comes from humans' muscles.
B．It arises from the vocalizations of crickets.
C．It comes from an imaginable world.
D．It arises from vibrations flowing across the surface of plants.
（2）Why can Yong hear the treehopper's music？
A．Because of a laser device.
B．Because of the surface of plants.
C．Because of the nature of the insects.
D．Because of the special imaginable environment.
（3）What can we learn about An Immense World？
A．It appeals to all kinds of peoples.
B．It is aimed at protecting the animals.
C．It is scheduled to be published next year.
D．It describes a virtual world full of animals.
（4）What is the text？
A．A news report.
B．A historical novel.
C．A book review.
D．A personal biography.组卷：28引用：4难度：0.9 -
3．Stanford University researchers have developed a device called a nature-inspired aerial grasper，or SNAG，which can be attached to a quadcopter drone （四轴无人机） to give it feet and legs like those of an eagle.When equipped with the device，the drone is able to fly around catching and carrying objects and perching（栖息）on various surfaces，according to a Stanford news release dated Dec.1，2021，describing the work.
But copying the flexibility of birds wasn't easy to do.The researchers shot videos of small parrots flying back and forth between special perches that contained sensors to measure the physical forces of landing，perching and takeoff.
"What surprised us was that they did the same aerial military exercise，no matter what surfaces they were landing on，" one of the researchers，William Roderick，explained in the news release. "They let the feet handle the variability and complexity of the surface texture itself，" he said.
Giving a drone similar abilities required technological feat.SNAG has a -3 D-printed structure that imitates an eagle's lightweight bones，and each of its legs is equipped with a motor for moving back and forth and a second one for grasping.
Mechanisms in the robot's legs are designed to absorb impact energy and passively change it into grasping force，the way that a bird's muscles would.As a result，a drone equipped with the device can grasp something strongly in just 20 milliseconds.Once the robot's feet are wrapped around a perch，its ankles lock and an accelerometer—a device that measures vibration-detects the landing and activates a balancing algorithm（算法）to stabilize it on the perch.
Elsewhere，researchers at other institutions also have been working for years on giving drones the ability to land and hang onto something.As this 2019 Smithsonian article explains，being able to land in various places helps drones to conserve energy that would expend by having to remain in the air.That's important，because the flight time of robotic aircrafts is limited by their battery power.
（1）What inspired the SNAG's development？
A．The way parrots perch.
B．The military exercise.
C．The 3 D-printed technology.
D．The eagle's lightweight bones.
（2）What makes the drones' grabbing something strongly so quickly possible？
A．The powerful battery.
B．Their ability to imitate parrots' taking off.
C．The application of advanced flying techniques.
D．The mechanical devices modeling a bird's muscles.
（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Flight time is not vital to the drones.
B．After 2019，researchers quit efforts to improve flight time.
C．Flight time has been a problem before this study.
D．Researching the ability to land and hang onto something is meaningless.
（4）What is the most suitable title for the text？
A．Drones，an application to the military
B．Robotic drones，really like birds
C．Robotic drones，a comparison of birds
D．Quadcopter drones，advanced technology组卷：3引用：6难度：0.6
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分10分）第一节 短文改错（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）
-
8．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
There are many things what we can do to become better learners.We all have two voices.Our inner voice tells us personally opinions while our outer voice deals with things we had heard.If we listen our inner voice too much，and it can prevent us from learning.Unless your inner voice is difficult to control，you can argue with it.One of the best ways to promote active learning is to ask questions，which help gain more knowledge about the topic.
In the word，we should never stop being curious.Active learners also try to question the world around them and understand the truth within every ideas.Finally，as active learners，we should never form opinions about people basing on first impressions.组卷：3引用：3难度：0.4
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
-
9．现在，很多的年轻人喜欢在网上点餐或打电话叫外卖，不愿意自己做饭。请你就这一现象结合下面的提示，写一篇英语短文，谈谈自己的看法。内容包括：1.陈述现象；2.说明出现此现象的原因；3.你个人的看法。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.行文连贯，语篇完整。
参考词汇：外卖店，外卖餐馆 take-out restaurant组卷：1引用：1难度：0.6
