2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三（下）开学英语试卷

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．Do most British still keep the traditional activities such as afternoon tea？
  Clearly you have been watching too many episodes of Downton Abbey．Anyway，afternoon tea is a snack between lunch and dinner （1）

  （accompany）by a cup of tea．We regular British people drink tea and eat snacks （2）

  we feel like it-8 a．m．，9 p．m．，2 a．m..In my house while I was growing up，we would have a big dinner at lunch time（weekends mainly）and then tea later．This would consist of a sandwich and a piece of cake that we ate in front of the telly．We were so full from the enormous lunch （3）

  all we could manage was small meal．Even now the meal after work/school is called tea whether you drink tea with it or not，and whether it consists of sandwiches or is a main meal．
      However，if we visit someone in the afternoon （4）

  planned，they will make some scones，cake，sandwiches and other delicious food to be served and I suppose that is technically"afternoon tea"．If they were inviting you for dinner，they would say so．If they say nothing，you will absolutely be offered tea and scones/sandwiches/biscuits or （5）

  else they have．
      Times and tastes （6）

  （change），but afternoon tea still exists．
      Children come home from school at 4 p．m..Parents will make them a drink and something to eat．Mum and Dad will probably join in．What do you call this？Afternoon tea!
      I go shopping with friends to the town centre．We've looked in all the shops and now we need to sit down and think about （7）

  shops to return to for those final purchases．Look at that，it's almost 4 p．m..It may be that we sit down for a cappuccino and a couple of macarons but I can only think of one way to describe this…Afternoon tea!
      We're in the office．Boring! （8）

  we've more or less finished for the day，the clock says no．Someone puts the kettle （9）

  and we sit down for a chat about the next few days．Ooh someone found a box of cupcakes…Wow!We've just had …afternoon tea!
      We （10）

  not be using flowery teacups．We're not dressed like characters from Downton Abbey either．We may not sit there for two hours．But do we still stop at 4 p．m．for a drink and something to eat？YES!
  组卷：9引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．A．guarantees B．pension C．containing D．financial E．comfortably
  F．protecting G．delicately H．alternative I．measure J．funds K．generate
  Pension bonds（债券）and a novel idea for providing retirement income
  When people stop working，they need a retirement income．Some are lucky enough to have an employer-provided（1）

  linked to their salary．Everyone else faces a difficult choice．Some keep their pension in cash and watch as it wears away with inflation．Others use savings products with high feets and risk being hurt by a stock market downturn．A third option is an annuity，which（2）

  a lifelong income but vanishes at death，even if that is a week after retirement．
      Lionel Martellini of EDHEC，a French business school，and Robert Merton of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（a Nobel laureate in economics）have come up with a（n）（3）

  ．Workers would buy government-issued bonds while in employment；these bonds would pay no interest until retirement．Over the next 20 years（the typical life expectancy on retirement）bond holders would receive payments（4）

  interest plus the return of the capital．These would be linked to inflation，or another（5）

  such as average consumption．So a worker born in 1970，say，would buy a bond that made payments from 2035 until 2055．Every（6）

  innovation needs a specific name，and these are called SLFIES（Standard of Living Indexed，Forward-starting Income-only Securities）．
      These bonds would act somewhat like annuities，though without（7）

  against the risk of living much longer than expected．One big advantage is that if holders die before the final year of the bond，the capital would be passed to their children．They could also be attractive to corporate pension（8）

  and institutions such as sovereign-wealth funds．But if bond yields stay as low as they are now，workers will still need a big pension pot to be able to retire（9）

  ．The average pension pot of an American aged 40-55 is ＄14，500．That will not（10）

  much comfort，whatever financial products it buys．
  组卷：9引用：1难度：0.4

  解析

Ⅲ. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C， and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．The power of crowds
  Psychologists like Stephen Reicher from the University of St．Andrews in the U．K．suspect that crowds have a positive impact on the health of the individuals within them．Actually，what their research shows is that crowds are（1）

  to society．They help form our sense of who we are，they help form our relations to others-they even help determine our（2）

  well-being．
      Reicher and his colleagues came to the largest Hindu festival，the Kumbh，to test the idea that crowds are beneficial and to confirm the healthful effects of the festival on its participants．Before the start of festival，his researchers went out into the Indian countryside to question a group of（3）

  attenders about their mental and physical health．They also questioned people who didn't plan to attend．The researchers（4）

  to question both groups a month after the festival had ended．Those who stayed in their villages reported no real change over the period of the study．Those who attended it，on the other hand，reported a 10 percent（5）

  in their health，including less pain，less anxiety and higher energy levels．What's more，the good effects lasted long afterward．
      Why should belonging to a crowd improve your health？The psychologists think（6）

  identity is the cause．"You think in terms of'we' rather than'I'，"explains a colleague of Reicher's．This way of thinking（7）

  human relationships．Members of the crowd support one another，competition becomes cooperation，and people are able to achieve their goals in a way they wouldn't be able to（8）

  ．
      Unfortunately，in spite of the mutual support so（9）

  elsewhere at the Kumbh，36 people died in a stampede（踩踏）at the train station there after the festival．Somehow the crowd had lost its（10）

  ．Reicher wrote that one possible cause was that the people no longer formed a psychological crowd．They no longer saw those around them as fellows，but rather as（11）

  for seats on a train．
  （12）

  ，before this tragedy，Reicher had interviewed a villager who was asked to describe the feeling in the crowd at the station．"People think they are more powerful than you，they can push you around，"she said．She was then asked to describe the feeling in the Kumbh："People（13）

  you．They treat you in a polite manner．"The stampede was an example of what can happen when the psychological cooperation of a crowd（14）

  ．
     Incidents such as the stampede are rare at the festival，and this one is unlikely to discourage people from attending the event in the future．The police will undoubtedly learn from this experience and make the station safer．But in crowds as large as those at the festival，individuals must put their（15）

  in the power of psychological cooperation．In other words，"Love thy（your）neighbor．"One day，it could even save your life．
  

  （1）	A．appealing	B．special	C．critical	D．instructive
  （2）	A．financial	B．physical	C．developmental	D．judgmental
  （3）	A．average	B．prosperous	C．representative	D．prospective
  （4）	A．turned	B．returned	C．refused	D．hesitated
  （5）	A．improvement	B．mystery	C．understanding	D．sign
  （6）	A．particular	B．unique	C．shared	D．personal
  （7）	A．settles	B．alters	C．handles	D．maintain
  （8）	A．just	B．late	C．alone	D．further
  （9）	A．evident	B．secure	C．regular	D．feasible
  （10）	A．equality	B．status	C．spirit	D．harmony
  （11）	A．occupants	B．participants	C．competitors	D．candidates
  （12）	A．Inevitably	B．Likewise	C．Unfortunately	D．Strangely
  （13）	A．are cautious about	B．are jealous of	C．are suspicious of	D．are concerned about
  （14）	A．pops up	B．breaks down	C．goes on	D．takes off
  （15）	A．foundation	B．interest	C．faith	D．personality
  组卷：11引用：1难度：0.3

  解析

Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C， and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．Swimming in an ocean of stars
  Ladies and Gentlemen，
      It's my great honor to receive the Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society．Thank you．
     I started writing sci-fi because I looked for a way to escape the dull life，and to reach out，with imagination，to the mysterious time and space that I could never truly reach．But then I realized that the world around me became more and more like science fiction，and this process is speeding up． Future is like pouring rain．It reaches us even before we have time to open the umbrella． Meanwhile，when sci-fi becomes reality，it loses all its magic，and that frustrates me．Sci-fi will soon become part of our lives．The only thing I can do，is to push my imagination further to even more distant time and space to hunt for the mysteries of sci-fi．As a sci-fi author，I think my job is to write things down before they get really boring．
      This being said，the world is moving in the direction opposite to Clarke's predictions．In 2001，A Space Odyssey，in the year of 2001，which has already passed，human beings have built magnificent cities in space，and established permanent colonies on the moon，and huge nuclear-powered spacecraft have sailed to Saturn．However，today，in 2018，the walk on the moon has become a distant memory．And the furthest reach of our manned space flights is just as long as the two-hour mileage of a high-speed train passing through my city．
      As a sci-fi writer，I have been striving to continue Arthur Clarke's imagination．I believe that the boundless space is still the best direction and destination for human imagination．I have always written about the magnitude and mysteries of the universe，interstellar expeditions，and the lives and civilizations happening in distant worlds．This remains today，although this may seem childish or even outdated．It says on Arthur Clarke's epitaph，"He never grew up，but he never stopped growing．"
      Many people misunderstand sci-fi as trying to predict the future，but this is not true．It just makes a list of possibilities of what may happen in the future，like displaying a pile of cobblestones for people to see and play with．Science fiction can never tell which scenario of the future will actually become the real future．This is not its job．It's also beyond its capabilities．But one thing is certain：in the long run，for all these countless possible futures，any future without space travel is gloomy，no matter how prosperous our own planet becomes．
      Sci-fi was writing about the age of digital information and it eventually became true．I now look forward to the time when space travel finally becomes the ordinary．By then，Mars and the asteroid belts will be boring places and countless people are building a home over there．Jupiter and its many satellites will be tourist attractions．The only obstacle preventing people from going there for good，will be the crazy price．
      But even at that time，the universe is still unimaginably big that even our wildest imagination fails to catch its edge．And even the closest star remains out of reach．The vast ocean of stars can always carry our infinite imagination．
     Thank you all．
  
  （1）What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence in the second paragraph？

  
  A．Science technology has been developing fast before we realize it．
  B．What happened in our life was mysterious and beyond our imagination．
  C．We had a good outlook for the future and were desperate to realize our dream．
  D．We managed to escape from the boring life and looked forward to the prosperous future．
  （2）What can we learn from the third paragraph？

  
  A．What Clarke foresaw is childish and out of date，going against scientific theories．
  B．It is feasible for human beings to fulfill challenging space missions that Clarke forecast．
  C．Human beings have deserted imaging and exploring the attractive and boundless space．
  D．Clarke's predictions haven't happened in real life and the reality won't change very soon．
  （3）According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？

  
  A．What is written in science fiction can never become a reality．
  B．The writer considers it his duty to create sci-fi with author Clarke．
  C．Science fiction provides readers with possibilities that future will bring about．
  D．High price will likely stop humans from dreaming of living on other planets．
  （4）What's the writer's attitude towards sci-fi creation？

  
  A．Curious
  B．Passionate
  C．Concerned
  D．Suspicious
  组卷：4引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

I. Translations

• 12．我这一生都没有想过自己能身处这样一个环境，在这里鼓励每个人展示不同之处，在学习中找到自己的声音． （Never ）
  组卷：2引用：1难度：0.7

  解析

II. Guided writing

• 13．在你看过的电影、电视和书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：
  描述你印象深刻的一个场景；
  说明你对此印象深刻的理由．
  （注：请勿出现真实姓名和学校）
  组卷：2引用：2难度：0.7

  解析