2020-2021学年上海市徐汇区高二（下）期中英语试卷

Grammar and VocabularySection A （10’）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet.

• 1．Human memory is notoriously （众所周知地） unreliable.Even people with the sharpest facial recognition skills can only remember so much.
      It's tough to quantify how good a person is （1）

  remembering.No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall，for example，but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands – based on the number of acquaintances a person （2）

  have.
      Machines aren't limited this way.Give the right computer a massive database of faces，and it can process what it sees – then recognize a face it （3）

  （tell） to find – with remarkable speed and precision.This skill is （4）

  supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21^st century.It is also what makes contemporary surveillance （监控） systems so scary.
      The thing is，machines sill have limitations when it comes to facial recognition.And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. （5）

  （figure） out how computers are struggling，researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces – they call it MegaFace – and （6）

  （test） a variety of facial-recognition algorithms（算法） as they scales up in complexity.The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 7，000 different people – and not just a large database （7）

  （feature） a relatively small number of different faces，more consistent with what's been used in other research.
      As the databases grew，machine accuracy dipped across the board.Algorithms （8）

  were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13，000-image database，for example，were accurate about 70% of the time when （9）

  （face） with 1 million images.That's still pretty good，says one of the researchers，Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. "Much better than we expected，" she said，
      Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike –either doppelgangers （长相极相似的人），whom the machine would have trouble （10）

  （identify） as two separate people，or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting，whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.
  组卷：4引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

Section B （10’）Directions： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A.alarming B.properties C.revealed D.invasive E.rescue F.instrumental G.households H.document I.concerned J.amateur K.initiatives

  Before science became professionalized in the 19th century， （1）

  naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world.A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK （2）

  feed wild birds.The National Trust has more than 5 million members，and 60，000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic （3）

  .Now，with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a（n） （4）

  rate，volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.
     Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes.On the Isle of Man，more than 8，000 people （nearly 10% of the population） are involved in regular weekend beach cleans.At one recent event，123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours.In view of （5）

  such as this，the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos，Yellowstone in the US，Uluru in Australia，and hundreds of other sites.
     Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too.They monitor the spread of （6）

  species，and record how native species respond.Divers also （7）

  levels of marine litter and other human impacts.Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones.Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks.The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was （8）

  in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK，while satellite tagging （9）

  the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.
     Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes.No one can know better，or care more about，our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them.As a group of divers and （10）

  residents who lived on the shores of the bay，they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.
  组卷：6引用：1难度：0.2

  解析

Reading ComprehensionSection A （15’）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic.（1）

  regular practice might include mindless repetitions，deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving（2）

  .
     The greatest（3）

  of deliberate practice is to remain focused.In the beginning，showing up is the most important thing.But after a while we begin to carelessly（4）

  small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement.This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to（5）

  .（6）

  ，when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process.Today，after many repetitions，your brain can perform this sequence（7）

  .The more we repeat a task，the more mindless it becomes.
     Mindless activity is the（8）

  of deliberate practice.The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes（9）

  .Too often，we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience.In（10）

  ，we are merely reinforcing our current habits — not improving them.
     Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough.But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world？
     The first effective feedback system is（11）

  .This holds true for the number of pages we read，the number of pushups we do，the number of sales calls we make，and any other task that is important to us.It is only through measurement that we have any（12）

  of whether we are getting better or worse.
     The second effective feedback system is coaching.One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for（13）

  deliberate practice.In many cases，it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time.Good coaches can track your progress，find small ways to improve，and hold you（14）

  for delivering your best effort each day.
     Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activjye.aiy.It requires sustained effort and concentration，but if you can manage to maintain your focus and（15）

  ，then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting：to get the most out of what you've got.
  
  

  （1）	A．Since	B．Whether	C．While	D．As
  （2）	A．awareness	B．performance	C．enjoyment	D．intelligence
  （3）	A．equivalent	B．ambition	C．challenge	D．appeal
  （4）	A．overlook	B．insert	C．detect	D．implement
  （5）	A．transport	B．transmit	C．transplant	D．transform
  （6）	A．For example	B．On the contrary	C．As a result	D．On the other hand
  （7）	A．carelessly	B．inevitably	C．instantly	D．automatically
  （8）	A．outcome	B．enemy	C．source	D．substitute
  （9）	A．distracted	B．imposed	C．assumed	D．noted
  （10）	A．reality	B．despair	C．contrast	D．return
  （11）	A．encouragement	B．compliment	C．measurement	D．management
  （12）	A．motivation	B．proof	C．trouble	D．concern
  （13）	A．resisting	B．eliminating	C．defining	D．sustaining
  （14）	A．accountable	B．opposed	C．addicted	D．parallel
  （15）	A．existence	B．commitment	C．dignity	D．perspective
  组卷：2引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

Section B （30’）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying？Well，you are not alone.We've all had that feeling.But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to？
     Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body.When people are lying they tend not to move their arms，hands or legs very far from their body.They don't want to take up very much space because they don't want to be noticed.Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes.Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.
     Liars also use deflection.For example，if you ask a liar the question "Did you steal Fatima's bag？"，they may answer with something like "Fatima is my friend.Why would I do that？" In this situation the person is telling the truth，but they are also not answering the question.They are trying to deflect your attention.Liars may also give too many details.They may try to over-explain things.They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.
     Often when a person is lying，they do not want to continue talking about their lie.If you think someone is lying，quickly change the subject.If the person is lying，they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer.A little later，change the subject back to what you were talking about before.If the person seems uncomfortable again，they may be lying.
     It's very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you.He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven；silence gives no feedback on whether or not you've bought the story.If you're a good listener，you'll already be avoiding interruptions，which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.
     Just because a person is showing these behaviors，it does not mean they are lying.They might be shy or nervous.But，if you think someone is lying，you might want to use some of these techniques.Hopefully，you won't need to very often.
  
  （1）By saying "Liars also use deflection" （paragraph 3），the writer means that liars may

  .
  A．tell great stories
  B．change tone of voice
  C．ask a question in reply
  D．avoid direct answers
  （2）According to the passage，a person could be lying if he or she

  .
  A．offers more information than necessary
  B．appears to be shy or nervous
  C．changes the subject of the conversation
  D．speaks very fast and vaguely
  （3）Which of the following can be learned from the passage？

  
  A．Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.
  B．We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.
  C．Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.
  D．We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.
  （4）The passage mainly talks about

  .
  A．who deceives us
  B．why people tell lies
  C．how to detect lies
  D．what to do with liars
  组卷：10引用：1难度：0.3

  解析

Translation （15’）

• 13．演讲时，听众越多，手势动作的幅度就应越大，这样听众才不易分散注意力 （the more…the more…）
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.6

  解析

Guided Writing （25’）Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

• 14．学校提供了三类暑期志愿者工作，供学生选择：
  （1）在公园协助维护环境卫生；
  （2）在社区帮忙照顾小学生；
  （3）在地铁站做引导员（guide）。
  请你选一项志愿者工作，向学生会提出申请。申请信的内容包括：
  • 为什么选择这项工作；
  • 你打算做哪些准备。
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.5

  解析