2021-2022学年广东省梅州市兴宁一中高二（下）期中英语试卷

第一部分 听力（满分10分）第一节 角色扮演。 （每小题10分，共10分. 每空填1至2词）

• 1．情景介绍
  角色：你是Tom。
  任务：1）和Mary 谈论彼此的兴趣爱好；
  2）根据谈话内容回答朋友的问题。
  Q1：你昨天晚上做什么了？A1：What did you do last night？
  Q2：你经常读书吗？A2：Do you often read books？
  Q3：你一直在读什么书？A3：What books have you been reading？
  Now please get ready to answer five questions.
  Q1：Listen to question 1.1.A1：

  .
  Q2：Listen to question 2.2.A2：By

  .
  Q3：Listen to question 3.3.A3：At her

  .
  Q4：Listen to question 4.4.A4：

  .
  Q5：Listen to question 5.5.A5：

  .
  组卷：0引用：1难度：0.0

  解析

第二节 故事复述（每小题10分，共10分. 每空填1至3词）

• 2．关键词：Buddhist monk 和尚 a boxing match 拳击比赛 punch 猛击 courage 勇气
      There was once a father who had a sixteen-year old son that （1）

  at all.He was worried about his son and decided to call on a Buddhist monk to train his boy.The Buddhist monk agreed to train this boy and promised to make the boy into（2）

  within three months.Three months later，the boy's father returned.The Buddhist monk （3）

  a boxing match between the boy and an experienced boxer.Each time the fighter struck the boy and a punch knocked him down，the boy stood up.The Buddhist monk asked the father（4）

  of his child.The boy's father thought it was shame.He said that he never thought his son would be so easily （5）

  .The Buddhist monk said that the boy stood up again instead of crying each time he fell down，and that's the kind of courage the father wanted him to have.
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  解析

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

• 3．ADOPTION CRITERIA • Adopters are required to pay a ﹩750 adoption fee at the time of adoption.
     • Interested adopters and their families must be willing to travel，at their own expense，to our San Rafael.California campus within a week of being notified by our Dog Placement office（DPO） that a potentially suitable dog is available.In particular，children under the age of 10 need to accompany their parents，to ensure the dog will be a good family match.
     • It is strongly recommended that any dog already in the household also come to the campus to meet the new dog on neutral ground and to improve the likelihood of a smooth transition.
     • Adopters must be willing to do the following：
     ☆ Purchase an extra large size container for use in the transition to the new home.
     ☆ Attend dog training classes appropriate to the temperament of the new dog.Career change dogs often need further training or behavior modification.
     ☆ Have either a fully fenced area or kennel run at least five feet in height.A fence check will be performed prior to any dog going home.A fence check will not be performed until and unless a suitable dog is available.
     ADOPTION RPOCESS
     If you meet the adoption criteria，the steps in the application are easy.
     1.Complete the online application （link below）.
     2.If we have questions or need further information from you，we will contact you by phone.The volume of applications we receive does not permit responses to individual inquiries about the status of an application.Applicants not selected for adoption consideration will be notified by letter.
     3.We will contact you by phone if and when we have a dog that may be suitable for you.At that time，you'll receive a detailed description of the dog，including the reason it was career changed form the program，what it was like in the puppy raising home，what its current needs are，etc.
     4.We will arrange an appointment for you to come to our campus and meet the dog.It typically takes about two hours to show a dog.If all parties agree that it looks like a good match，the paperwork is done，adoption fee paid and the dog can go home at that time.
  
  （1）The Smiths who have a 4-year-old child and a Labrador Retriever should

  .
  A．keep the retriever isolated from the adopted dog
  B．pay ﹩750 for the vet checkup，travel and accommodation
  C．keep in touch with DPO beforehand
  D．introduced the dog to the child on a neutral and familiar territory
  （2）What is the precondition for having a career change dog？

  
  A．Behavior adaptation or discipline.
  B．A spacious apartment or house.
  C．Familiarity with dog breeds.
  D．Knowledge of career change program.
  （3）Adoption is based on the principle that

  .
  A．first come，first served
  B．suitability matters
  C．customer comes first
  D．quality is the cornerstone
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

• 4．China is investigating how to build an ultra-large spacecraft that is up to 0.6 mile（1 kilometer）long.But how practical is the idea？
     The project is part of a wider call for research proposals from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，a funding agency managed by the country's Ministry of Science and Technology.A research outline posted on the foundation's website described such enormous spaceships as "major strategic aerospace equipment for the future use of space resources，exploration of the mysteries of the universe，and long- term living in orbit".
     The foundation wants scientists to conduct research into new，lightweight design methods that could limit the amount of construction material that has to be thrown into orbit，and new techniques for safely assembling such massive structures in space.If funded，the practicability study would run for five years and have a budget of 15 million yuan（＄2.3 million）.
     The project might sound like science fiction，but former NASA chief technologist Mason Peck said the idea isn't entirely off the wall，and the challenge is more a question of engineering than fundamental science. "I think it's entirely practical，" Peck，now a professor of aerospace engineering at Cornell University，told Live Science. "I would describe the problems here not as unconquerable obstacles，but rather problems of scale. " By far the biggest challenge would be the price tag，noted Peck，due to the huge cost of launching objects and materials into space.The International Space Station（ISS），which is only 361 feet（110 meters） wide at its widest point according to NASA，cost roughly ＄100 billion to build，Peck said，so constructing something 10 times larger would strain even the most generous national space budget.
     Much depends on what kind of structure the Chinese plan to build，though.The ISS is packed with equipment and is designed to accommodate humans，which significantly increases its mass. "If we're talking about something that is simply long and not also heavy then it's a different story，" Peck said.
  
  （1）Which of the following statements about the massive spacecraft is TRUE？

  
  A．The design of the spacecraft has already been in place.
  B．It is directly led by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
  C．It is aimed at further exploring the space and human's future.
  D．A lot of research has been conducted regarding the spacecraft.
  （2）What's the main idea of Paragraph 3？

  
  A．The requirements of the practicability study.
  B．The new approach to construction material.
  C．How to get funded by the Foundation.
  D．The revolutionary methods of constructing the spacecraft.
  （3）What can be inferred from Peck's perspective？

  
  A．There are still major doubts about the practicality of the spacecraft.
  B．The structure of the spacecraft may determine the cost of the project.
  C．The ISS has already successfully completed its historical mission.
  D．The project and the current ISS are likely to have a lot in common.
  （4）What is most probably mentioned in the following paragraph？

  
  A．The problems facing the construction of the spacecraft.
  B．Future researches into the other giant space projects.
  C．Other approaches to reducing the cost of the spacecraft.
  D．The future promising application of the spacecraft.
  组卷：1引用：3难度：0.5

  解析

• 5．I came home one day recently and，for reasons I don't quite understand，my living room smelled like my grandmother's house.Suddenly I felt as if I were 12 years old，happy and relaxed，sitting in her kitchen.I can remember what her house looked like，though it was sold 20 years ago - her three-level plant stand，the plates lining the walls，the window over her sink - but these visual memories don't have the power that smell does.The funny thing is，I can't even begin to describe the odor（气味）that was so distinctively hers.The best I can do is this："It smelled like my grandmother's house."
     It's a common experience，and a common linguistic（语言学的）problem.In cultures worldwide，people have powerful olfactory memories.This odor-memory link is also called "the Proust phenomenon，" after Marcel Proust's famous description of the feelings aroused by a cake dipped in tea in "Remembrance of Things Past."
     Olfactory memories seem to be more closely bound up with emotions than are visual or auditory ones.
     Not all these memories are pleasant，of course，and smells can also trigger feelings of pain.
     It is surprisingly hard for English-speakers to describe the odors that occasion such strong emotions，however.English possesses almost no abstract smell words that pick out links or themes among unrelated aromas（芳香）.
     We have plenty of these in the visual field. "Yellow，" for example，identifies a characteristic that bananas，lemons，some cars，some flowers，old book pages，and the sun all share.
     But for odors，we don't have many more than the vague "musty"（smells old and stale）and "musky"（smells perfume）.We usually have no choice but to say that one thing smells like another - like a banana，like garlic，like diesel fuel.
     A few languages，though，do have a rich odor vocabulary.Linguist Asifa Majid has found that the Jahai，the Semaq Beri，and the Maniq，hunter-gatherer groups in Malaysia and Thailand，employ a wide range of abstract smell words and can identify aromas as easily as we can colors.The Jahai have a word，for example，that describes "the seemingly dissimilar smell of petrol，smoke，bat poop，root of wild ginger and wood of wild mango."
     Last year my cat got sprayed by a skunk（臭鼬），and the vet told me to wash its face with coffee to cover the bad smell.Until then，I had never realized that coffee，which I find delicious，smells remarkably like skunk spray，which I do not.
     Science has identified the chemicals that both share.They are called mercaptans（硫醇）.But in oral English，we have no word for the underlying note that connects these two odors.If the Jahai drank coffee and encountered skunks，I bet they would.
  
  （1）The opening paragraph is mainly intended to

  .
  A．express the writer's affection for his grandmother
  B．direct the readers' attention to a linguistic problem
  C．tell us the odor of that house stayed the same
  D．prove smell has a greater power than visual memories
  （2）Which of the following is related to olfactory memories？

  
  A．Forming an image in mind after seeing the word "injury".
  B．Feeling sympathetic when seeing a sick cat.
  C．Dancing to the music upon hearing it played.
  D．Missing fried eggs with garlic cooked by mum.
  （3）The example of the Jahai suggests that

  .
  A．the Jahai don't have many words in the visual field
  B．English has many vague words like "musty" and "musky"
  C．the Jahai has more abstract smell words than English
  D．skunk and coffee have the same smell，but different functions
  （4）What can we learn from the passage？

  
  A．The author feels pity about the limitation of his language.
  B．English has a wide range of visual and odor vocabulary.
  C．Olfactory memories can bring nothing but pleasant feelings.
  D．Cultures worldwide always collide with each other.
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  解析

• 6．Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer.He apologized for lack of training，but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design，one for his office and a second for his bedside table，he was hired on the spot.Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
     Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as 'black boxes'，although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties.Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics，but it is not about how to design lenses.It is，however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind.Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems.Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory，as such，has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design.The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance.The indirect effects have been large，however，both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other，more practical，theoretical approaches.
     Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist，but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory.Buchdahl's approach has，over the last decade，had a major impact on modern lens design with computers.Thus，he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
     The author claims his book to be non-mathematical，and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician.From the point of view of many physicists and engineers，it will appear to be quite mathematical.Moreover，this is a tightly written book.The subject matter is developed with precision，and the author expects the reader，at very point，to be master of the preceding exposition.
  
  （1）Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of

  .
  A．newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
  B．very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers
  C．too much mathematical detail in the theory
  D．not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
  （2）The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to

  .
  A．the students who are major in mathematical geometry
  B．those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems
  C．the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs
  D．those who are interested in physics
  （3）The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is

  .
  A．indirect ways of learning mathematics
  B．a fundamental power within the theory
  C．its the conceptual elegance
  D．its the practical applications in finding new approaches to old problems
  （4）This passage is probably excerpted from

  .
  A．a review of a book
  B．a chemistry textbook
  C．an optician's essay
  D．a general science text
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  解析

第二节七选五（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，有两项为多余选项。

• 7．So often we find ourselves on autopilot-waking up in the same home，putting on the same clothes and taking the same transportation to the same-old job.（1）

  And while it's perfectly natural for humans to stick to routine，there's much to be discovered beyond the limits of our comfort zones.
     There is no exception to a man aged 53.（2）

  .He knew it was going to be hard to find another job.He almost knew it was now or never to pursue his lifelong dream of owning his own restaurant.But he was too old to compete with the young and too weak to do any labor work.
     （3）

  He didn't want to spend his rest life sitting around and feeling pity for himself.Also，Mrs.Mocken actively encouraged him to move on considering it a perfect chance for two of them to start their own business with plenty of time and without the disturbance of children .
     （4）

  Brian found just what he wanted eight blocks from home-an existing cafe that was underperforming and whose owner was highly motivated to get out of his lease（租期）.（5）

  
     But the problem was that he had never financially planned for this day.He had to borrow money from friends and relatives.After that，he changed the name to Black Dog Coffee，and made it alive again.Eighteen years later，they're still there and doing better than ever.Brian says he's extremely grateful for the decision to make a change.
  
  A.Then came the opportunity.
  B.The thought filled him with anxiety.
  C.That was exactly what Brian needed.
  D.Even our New Year's decisions to change hardly make it.
  E.With the support of his family，he took a job in the local cafe.
  F.Several weeks after consideration，he decided to have a change.
  G.Brian Mocken got laid off from a senior management position.
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共1小题；每小题30分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

• 8．The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
  -Eleanor Roosevelt My hometown was a place of great beauty and agricultural richness，as well as a place of war and natural disasters.When I was only fourteen years old，I was filled with（1）

  in spite of the terrible surroundings.The families living here，who tried to make their living from the land，（2）

  great losses.
     I felt sorry especially for the children，but I（3）

  to be hopeless.I decided wherever I was，I would do（4）

  to help them.I began knocking on every door and saying to each person who（5）

  the door，"I know that you are（6）

  and give the birds that come to your yard a little（7）

  .Please consider me your bird.Give me only a handful of rice each week when I come to your（8）

  .I will take it to the place where it can be given to the（9）

  children."
     No one seemed to（10）

  giving me a handful of rice，even when they had little themselves.On Sunday，I would（11）

  my handfuls of rice to the children.
     One day，I came to a house where an old lady lived.I told my story and asked if I could be her bird.The woman called her daughters，and（12）

  gave me fifty cents，as well as a handful of rice!I began to（13）

  change and rice from other "bird feeders"，and they gave them to me.Everyone was（14）

  to help those who were suffering，even only in this small way. "Consider me your bird." My childish idea didn't stop the war，but anyway，it was（15）

  some peace.
  
  

  （1）	A．sorrow	B．hope	C．comfort	D．kindness
  （2）	A．suffered	B．survived	C．covered	D．made
  （3）	A．wanted	B．failed	C．refused	D．stopped
  （4）	A．something	B．everything	C．anything	D．nothing
  （5）	A．locked	B．replied	C．shut	D．answered
  （6）	A．wise	B．kind	C．rich	D．poor
  （7）	A．soil	B．water	C．stone	D．rice
  （8）	A．country	B．room	C．door	D．garden
  （9）	A．brave	B．hungry	C．promising	D．nervous
  （10）	A．mind	B．consider	C．avoid	D．enjoy
  （11）	A．clear away	B．put away	C．take away	D．give away
  （12）	A．every	B．each	C．neither	D．none
  （13）	A．apply for	B．pay for	C．ask for	D．answer for
  （14）	A．glad	B．sad	C．upset	D．worried
  （15）	A．creating	B．mending	C．disturbing	D．managing
  组卷：2引用：1难度：0.3

  解析

第二节 完成句子 文章句式输出（尽可能用上最近学过的词汇与短语）（10分，每个句子2分）

• 24．A lot of Tang poetry

  （被翻译成） English.
  组卷：0引用：2难度：0.9

  解析

第五部分 写作（满分25分）

• 25．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
      Last Christmas my older sister Jane got a unicycle （独轮脚踏车） she had requested.I thought it kind of strange，wondering why she would want something like that.She did ride and practice for a while，but eventually stopped.
      Curious，I tried it，finding it very hard and thinking it impossible for a weak girl like me to learn.Since our dining room of our old house had low beams （屋梁），I used them like monkey bars to practice riding，which helped a lot.Because I thought it was really fun，I practiced every spare moment I had，teaching myself to go forwards，backwards and to turn.Practicing was something I loved to do in my spare time，but it did get discouraging when I fell.After months of practicing，I finally made it.
      One morning，our teacher Maria excitedly announced that a school talent show was to be held to raise money for charity.She encouraged my classmates to sign up for it.I'm not always the best in front of a crowd，which was why I was very nervous when I meant to put on my performance by doing a hula hoop （圈） and riding a unicycle on stage.But I overcame my fear and entered myself for the talent show，for which I practiced a lot in case I should mess up.
      My routine（整套动作）was to do the hula hoop from my neck，down to my stomach，then to my knees.After that，I was to ride my unicycle forwards and backwards on stage.Lastly I would do the hula hoop while riding the unicycle.I was to do all this accompanied by my carefully selected music.I wondered what people from my seventh grade would think of my performance.With my friends inspiring me，I built up my cjye.aifidence.On the night of the show，many people found out there was going to be a unicycle performance，so more came，even the headmaster.
  注意：续写词数应为150左右。
  I was both nervous and excited when it was my turn._________
  When I got home，I couldn't wait to check my mobile phone left at home._________
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.3

  解析