2022-2023学年山西省大同一中高一（上）期中英语试卷

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，20小题，每小题 2分，满分30分）第一节（共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）

• 1．Whether you're making a one-off trip to London or you're a regular visitor，using an Oyster travel smart card is the easiest way to travel around the city's public transport network．
  Advantages of a Visitor Oyster Card
     A Visitor Oyster Card is one of the best ways to pay for single journeys on the bus，tube，DLR，tram，London Over-ground and most National Rail services in London：
     ●Save time--your card is ready to use as soon as you arrive in London．
     ●It's more than 50% cheaper than buying a paper travel card or single tickets with cash．
     ●There is a daily price cap--once you have reached this limit，you won't pay any more．
     ●Enjoy special offers and promotions at leading London restaurants，shops and entertainment venues--plus discounts on the Emirates Air Line cable car and Thames Clippers river buses．
  Buy a Visitor Oyster Card
     Buy a Visitor Oyster card before you visit London and get it delivered to your home address．A card costs￡3 （non-refundable） plus postage．Order online and arrive with your Oyster in hand!You can also buy a Visitor Oyster card from Gatwick Express ticket offices at Gatwick Airport Station and on board Eurostar trains travelling to London．
  Top Up（充值）Your Visitor Oyster Card
     You can choose how much credit to add to your card．If you are visiting London for two days，you can start with￡20 credit．If you run out of credit，add credit at the following locations：
     ●Touch screen ticket machines in tube，DLR，London Over-ground and some National Rail stations．
     ●Around 4，000 Oyster Ticket Stops found in news agents and small shops across London．
     ●TFL Visitor and Travel Information Centers．
     ●Tube nd London Over-ground station ticket offices．
     ●Emirates Air Line terminals．
  
  （1）What benefit will you get from a Visitor Oyster Card when travelling in London？

  
  A．It increases your working efficiency．
  B．It allows you to have meals free of charge．
  C．It saves you money on transportation．
  D．It provides a 50% discount at a London shop．
  （2）How many ways are mentioned to buy a Visitor Oyster Card in the passage？

  
  A．2．
  B．3．
  C．4．
  D．5．
  （3）Where can you top up your Visitor Oyster card？

  
  A．At Gatwick Express ticket offices．
  B．At a tube station ticket office．
  C．On the Internet．
  D．On Eurostar trains．
  组卷：1引用：4难度：0.7

  解析

• 2．Last year I ruined （毁） my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience that was too convenient for my own good：the iPad．Instead of looking at nature，I checked my email．Instead of paddling a small boat，I followed my Twitter feed （推特简讯）．Instead of reading great novels，I stuck to reading four newspapers each morning．I was behaving as if I were still in the office．My body was on vacation but my head wasn't．
  So this year I made up my mind to try something different：withdrawal （退出） from the Internet．I knew it wouldn't be easy，since Fm bad at self-control．But I was determined．I started by giving the iPad to my wife．
  The cellphone signal （信号） at our house was worse than in the past，making my attempts at cheating an experience in frustration （沮丧）．I was trapped，forced to go through with my plan．Largely cut off from email，Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites，I had few ways to connect to the world except for radio and how much radio can one listen to，really？I had to do what I had planned to all along：read books．
  This experience has had a happy ending．With determination and the strong support of my wife，I won in my vacation struggle against the Internet，realizing finally that it was I，not the iPad，that was the problem．I knew I had won when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi．"I don't need it，"I said．
  However，as we return to post-vacation life，a harder test begins：Can I continue when Fm back at work？There are times when the need to know what's being said right now is great．And I have no intention （愿望） of giving up my convenience completely．But I hope to resist （抵抗） the temptation （诱惑） to check my email every five minutes，which leads to checking my Twitter feed and a website or two．
  I think a vacation is supposed to help you reset your brain to become more productive．Here I hope this one worked．
  
  （1）What do we know about the author's last summer vacation？

  
  A．He was determined to enjoy the beautiful view．
  B．He felt satisfied that he had stuck to his usual timetable．
  C．He hated himself for acting as if he were at work on vacation．
  D．His iPad ruined his plan of finishing a great novel．
  （2）What did the author do to keep away from the Internet this year？

  
  A．He cut off his cellphone signal．
  B．He handed his iPad to his wife．
  C．He refused to cheat in his house．
  D．He listened to the radio most of the time．
  （3）When back at work，the author will probably choose to

  ．
  A．continue to read more and more books．
  B．stay away from the Internet for ever．
  C．stop checking what is being said right now completely．
  D．keep control of when and how to use the Internet．
  （4）What is the author's opinion of a great vacation in the passage？

  
  A．A vacation means a change of pace to make one more creative．
  B．A vacation is a period of time to do whatever one wished to．
  C．A vacation is having nothing to do but read all day．
  D．A vacation proves that a life of pleasure is overvalued．
  组卷：5引用：3难度：0.7

  解析

• 3．Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits--including making your brain sharper．
     Yes，it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive（认知的） functions such as memory and attention．There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance．Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，according to a new research led by John Gunstad，assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University．
     Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits（缺陷）．So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function．For their study，they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants，some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not．All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study，and again 12 weeks later．To begin with，about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested．At the end of the study，those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions．Scores for the volunteers who didn't lose weight dropped even further．
     The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function．Now that he's seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention，he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way--eating healthier and getting more active．He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain． "If we can improve the condition with operations，then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well，" he says．
  
  （1）There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers

  ．
  A．believe overweight only affects our body
  B．have focused on ways to sharpen people's mind
  C．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability
  D．are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions
  （2）The result of Gunstad's study shows that

  ．
  A．losing weight has little effect on people's memory
  B．losing weight can improve people's mental functions
  C．overweight people are likely to have psychology problems
  D．overweight people's abilities of concentration differ greatly
  （3）What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research？

  
  A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people．
  B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight．
  C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation．
  D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise．
  （4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？

  
  A．Body Weight and Health
  B．Losing Weight by Operation
  C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions
  D．Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind
  组卷：8引用：4难度：0.5

  解析

• 4．A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as better players，leaving other factors such as quality of education，learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.
     This finding challenges the 10，000-hour rule promoted in Malcolm Gladwell's 1993 study of violinists and pianists.Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone. "The idea has been popular and entrenched in our culture for years.It's not an idiom but an overstatement，" said Brooke Macnamara，the lead author. "When it comes to human skill，a complex combination of environmental factors and genetic factors explains the performance differences across people."
     Macnamara and her colleagues set out to repeat part of the 1993 study to see whether they reached the same conclusion.They interviewed three groups of 13 violinists regarded as best，good，or less accomplished about their practice habits，before having them complete daily diaries of their activities over a week.While the less skillful violinists reached an average of about 6，000 hours of practice by the age of 20，there was little to separate the good from the best，with each reaching an average of about 11，000 hours.In all，the number of hours spent practising accounted for about a quarter of the skill difference across the three groups.
     Macnamara believes practice is less of a driver. "Once you get to the highly skilled groups，practice stops accounting for the difference.Everyone has practised a lot and other factors are at play in determining who goes on to a higher level，" she said. "The factors depend on the skill being learned：in chess it could be intelligence or working memory；in sport it may be how efficiently a person uses oxygen.To complicate matters further，one factor can drive another.Children who enjoy playing the violin，for example，may be happy to practise because they do not see it as a trouble."
     The authors of the 1993 study are unimpressed.Macnamara said it was important for people to understand the limits of practice，though. "Practice makes you better than you were yesterday，most of the time，" she said. "But it might not make you better than your neighhour or the other kid in your violin class."
  
  （1）What does the underlined word "entrenched" in paragraph 2 probably mean？

  
  A．Rooted.
  B．Advanced.
  C．Changed.
  D．Unconfirmed.
  （2）What can we learn about Macnamara's study？

  
  A．It convinced Malcolm Gladwell.
  B．It involved violinists and pianists.
  C．Its process was similar to the 1993 study.
  D．Its result is consistent with the 1993 study.
  （3）What does Macnamara find about highly skilled people？

  
  A．Practicing for 11，000 hours is their main driver.
  B．They enjoy keeping diaries about their progress.
  C．Environmental factors have little relation to their success.
  D．More practice makes little difference to their further progress.
  （4）What is the best title for the text？

  
  A．What makes an expert？
  B．Does practice make perfect？
  C．The early bird catches the worm
  D．Enthusiasm is the key to success
  组卷：7引用：3难度：0.7

  解析

第二节（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

• 5．    If you're a teenager，you are in a very powerful position.Starting good money habits now will put you ahead for the rest of your life.Here are money tips for you.
      Understand the power of time.
      You probably aren't making a ton of money right now，but that doesn't matter.What matters is time. （1）

  Let's look at an example：At the end of your summer job，you have ＄1000.You invest it at a rate of return of 5%.At the end of those 50 years，you will have ＄11，467.49.
      Start a money saving habit.
      If you start the habit of saving money now，that habit will always be with you.Every dollar you get，whether it's a gift，an allowance，or pay from a job，get into the habit of saving a portion of it.Half of it would be ideal. （2）

  The older you get，the harder it can seem to save even 10% of your money.
      （3）

  
      There is so much information available on the internet You can find articles that will teach you how to make ＄100 fast.There are also so many personal finance books to choose from to know where to start.You can talk to your parents about money，too.
      Avoid FOMO.
      FOMO is fear of missing out. （4）

  It's important，though，to not give up what you want most for what you want now.What you want now is to take the money you made at your summer job and go on Spring Break.What you want most is to graduate debt free.Or to be able to quit a job you hate because you have a big emergency fund to see you through to your next job.It might not seem like it when you're eighteen. （5）

  
  
  A．Ask for advice.
  B．Get Educated.
  C．And your money has a lot of it.
  D．But all of that will be true in time.
  E．Cash tends to burn a hole in our pockets.
  F．It's time to start now because you don't have many expenses.
  G．You'll think everyone is having more fun than you as a teenager.
  组卷：3引用：4难度：0.5

  解析

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节（共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

• 6．    Those who have children will know that it's incredibly important to celebrate their children's birthdays -especially when they're younger.However，this year children have to experience a birthday in lockdown.Elizabeth Guthrie's parents were （1）

  about the fact that her third birthday was coming up pretty fast，but any party planning had to be toned down due to lockdown measures and social distancing （2）

  .They tried hard to work out a way to celebrate her birthday （3）

  ，and then they came up with the perfect （4）

  .
      Like many people across the globe，Elizabeth loves dogs，so her parents wanted to do something that would （5）

  the youngster to celebrate her birthday with some four-legged friends in tow（牵着）.They （6）

  a sign in their backyard asking for dog （7）

  in the area to take their dogs on a walk at a （8）

  time on Elizabeth's birthday，and they hoped that their neighbors would （9）

  them to celebrate.
      In the end，the whole community （10）

  together to wish Elizabeth a happy birthday with their pups in tow.Many of them walked by her house.jye.ai drove by，and there were （11）

  some who made their own banners to celebrate Elizabeth's （12）

  day.She loved every second of it，and there was no （13）

  about the fact that it was a birthday to （14）

  .
      Isn't it （15）

  to see so many people working together for such a great cause？
  
  

  （1）	A．excited	B．curious	C．concerned	D．doubtful
  （2）	A．rules	B．prejudices	C．arguments	D．customs
  （3）	A．quietly	B．safely	C．traditionally	D．secretly
  （4）	A．preparation	B．achievement	C．solution	D．introduction
  （5）	A．encourage	B．allow	C．persuade	D．push
  （6）	A．printed	B．posted	C．found	D．dropped
  （7）	A．promoters	B．walkers	C．protector	D．trainers
  （8）	A．specific	B．convenient	C．different	D．critic
  （9）	A．permit	B．join	C．invite	D．remind
  （10）	A．played	B．marched	C．banded	D．walked
  （11）	A．even	B．just	C．again	D．ever
  （12）	A．funny	B．busy	C．big	D．lucky
  （13）	A．busy	B．doubt	C．telling	D．lucky
  （14）	A．observe	B．remember	C．organize	D．decide
  （15）	A．amazing	B．beneficial	C．adventurous	D．challenging
  组卷：0引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）单词及短语：按照提示要求完成（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

• 7．

  /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n.体育场
  组卷：6引用：2难度：0.9

  解析

• 8．/kəmˈpiːt/vi.

  （根据音标写出汉语意思）
  组卷：0引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

• 9．audience/

  /n.（根据单词写出音标）
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.7

  解析

• 10．The ability to keep calm is one of his

  （强项，优点）.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
  组卷：11引用：4难度：0.9

  解析

• 11．The young

  （compete） won a gold medal in the match.（所给词的适当形式填空）
  组卷：0引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

• 12．If you

  ，you are wild with excitement or worry. （根据句意填空）
  组卷：0引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

写出句子的基本结构

• 36．The teacher found the classroom empty. （写出句子的基本结构）
  
  组卷：4引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

第三部分写作（满分15分：内容10分+卷面5分）

• 37．你校将举办主题为"What I Want to Learn in Senior School"的英语演讲活动以规划自己高中阶段的学习、生活。假如你是李华，请结合自身看法与以下要点准备一份演讲稿。
  要点包括：
  （1）学会学习：养成良好的学习方法、习惯 （可举例说明）……
  （2）学会与人相处：对人真诚、友善，帮助别人，与人相处融洽……
  （3）培养良好的品质：坚定、乐观，挑战困难，努力实现梦想……
  注意：
  （1）词数80左右；
  （2）开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
  参考词汇：optimistic adj.乐观的
  
  Ladies and gentlemen，
      Good morning!I'm Li Hua.I feel it an honour to give a speech here about "What I Want to Learn in Senior School".___________
      Thanks for listening.
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.5

  解析