2021-2022学年北京师大二附中高二（下）期中英语试卷

第一部分：完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分， 共 15 分）阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

• 1．Past the breakers，about 50 feet from shore，two brothers were fighting for their lives.They had been swept out to sea in a strong current，their mouths barely able to stay above the（1）

  .Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys，but the screams were unmistakable.And every second counted.（2）

  ，four surfers in wet suits were nearby.Narayan Weibel，Spenser Stratton，Adrian York and Taj Ortiz-Beck，all 16，were on their surfboards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the（3）

  .They turned and saw two bobbing（摆动） heads and four flailing（扑打） arms. "We looked at each other and knew these guys were about to drown，" Weibel told the reporter.Weibel，Stratton，and Ortiz-Beck paddled（用桨划） toward the swimmers while York headed to shore to find someone to call 911.He then dived back in to（4）

  his friends.As the surfers drew close，the brothers were （5）

  .Ortiz-Beck pulled up alongside one brother.Grabbing him under his arms，he pulled him up onto his board.Stratton and Weibel，meanwhile，were trying to help the otjye.air.He was large，250 to 300 pounds，and he was panicked. "Calm down-we（6）

  you!" Weibel shouted.York arrived（7）

  to help get the guy on top of the second board.They then paddled several minutes through a wild current to the medical help waiting onshore.The brothers were scared but（8）

  . "When we get a call like this one，it's usually too （9）

  by the time we get there，" says Dillon Cleavenger，the lifeguard， "I can't say enough about what these boys did.They were willing and prepared to （10）

  their lives."
  
  

  （1）	A．board	B．water	C．ship	D．shore
  （2）	A．Luckily	B．Surprisingly	C．Surely	D．Gradually
  （3）	A．news	B．stories	C．words	D．cries
  （4）	A．invite	B．guide	C．help	D．greet
  （5）	A．striking	B．struggling	C．strengthening	D．stretching
  （6）	A．met	B．got	C．knew	D．followed
  （7）	A．in fear	B．in turn	C．in time	D．in advance
  （8）	A．proud	B．strong	C．satisfied	D．fine
  （9）	A．late	B．busy	C．far	D．difficult
  （10）	A．save	B．change	C．risk	D．share
  组卷：17引用：2难度：0.3

  解析

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节， 共 32 分）第一节（共 11 小题；每小题 2 分， 共 22 分）阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

• 2．My Biggest Challenge As a writer on an adventure sports magazine，I'd always fought shy of doing the adventurous stuff myself，preferring instead to observe the experts from a safe distance and relay their experiences to readers in the form of written language.Thus，when I was challenged to take part in a mountain climb in aid of raising money for charity-and to write about it afterwards-I was unwilling，to say the least.
     I was lucky enough to have a brilliant climbing coach called Keith，who put me through my paces after my daily work.He gave me knowledge about everything from the importance of building muscle groups to how to avoid tiredness through nutrjye.aiion.It quickly became apparent that the mechanics of climbing were more complex than I had imagined.There was the equipment and techniques I'd never even heard of，all of which would come in handy on the snow-capped peak I'd be climbing.
     Aware of the challenge，Keith made a detailed action plan and I forced myself to stick to it，doing a daily workout at the gym and going on hikes with a heavy pack.I perfected my technique on the climbing wall and even went to climb the mountains to get vital experience.My self-belief increased alongside my muscle power and I became confident about finishing the climb.
     All too soon I was on a plane to my destinatijye.ai.On that day，when I looked up at the mountain，I thought of abandoning it.But then I remembered all the hard work I'd done and how disappointed Keith would be if I gave up at the last minute-not to mention letting down the charity and the sense of failure I'd experience myself.With a deep breath I gathered my equipment and headed out into the sunshine to meet the rest of the group.
     And as I sit here now，tapping away on my laptop，I'm amazed at the details in which I can recall every second of the climb：the burning muscles，the tiredness，the minor problems along the way.Could I have been better prepared？Possibly.Would I be back for another go？Thankfully not.The feeling of being excited when I stood on top of the world is a never-to-be-repeated experience but one I will enjoy forever nevertheless.
  
  （1）At the beginning of the activity，the author revealed his

  .
  A．disappointment in the coming adventure
  B．expectation of writing about his experience
  C．lack of enthusiasm for the challenge he'd been offered
  D．curiosity about taking part in the mountain climb for charity
  （2）What did the author realise during his climb training？

  
  A．The knowledge about climbing was really confusing.
  B．The equipment was the key factor to reach the peak.
  C．Climbing was much more complicated than expected.
  D．Hard training was far more important than making plans.
  （3）How did the author feel after he succeeded in climbing the mountain？

  
  A．He was relieved that he wouldn't have to do it again.
  B．He was well satisfied that he had done his best for it.
  C．He was surprised that he had managed to complete it.
  D．He was regretful that it wasn't as smooth as imagined.
  组卷：2引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

• 3．The Land Under the Sea Ten thousand years ago，as the last ice age ended，sea levels around the world were far lower than they are today.Much of the land under both the North Sea to the east of Britain and the English Channel which now separates France and Britain was part of a huge region of forests and grassy plains.Then the climate gradually became warmer and the water trapped in large masses of ice was released.
     Now the development of advanced sonar（声呐）technology，known as bathymetry，is making it possible to study this flooded landscape in extraordinary detail.A special echo sounder is fixed to the bottom of a survey ship and it makes wide sweeps across the seabed.While previous technology has only been able to produce two-dimensional images，bathymetry can now use computers，satellite-positioning equipment and special software to create precise and remarkably detailed maps.For the first time，an ancient riverbed jumps out of the three-dimensional image.The site of pre-historic settlements can now be pinpointed.According to expert Linda Andrews，this technological development is of huge significance. "We now have the ability to map the seabed as precisely as we can map dry land， " she says.
     Once bathymetric techniques have identified sites where people might have built their homes and villages，divers can be sent down to investigate further.Robot submarines can also be used，and researchers hope they will find stone tools and wood from houses as proof of human activity.The idea shared by many people in Britain of their country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the findings：Britain has been inhabited for about 500，000 years and much of this time it has been linked on and off to continental Europe.It remains to be seen how far this new awareness is taken on board，however.
     In fact，the use of bathymetry will not be limited to the study of lost landscapes and ancient settlements.It will also be vital in finding ships that have been destroyed in accidents.In addition，commercial applications are a real possibility.Aggregates（骨材）for the construction industry are becoming increasingly expensive，and bathymetry can be used to identify suitable sites for digging for this material.Mapping the seabed will also identify places where rare plants and shellfish are living.Digging at such sites should be prevented，either to work for a profit or to make deeper waterways for massive container ships.
  
  （1）How does bathymetry work？

  
  A．It has an echo sounder placed on the seabed.
  B．It makes use of a number of different devices.
  C．It produces two-dimensional images of the sea floor.
  D．It bases its calculations on the location of construction sites.
  （2）What does the underlined word "pinpointed" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？

  
  A．Engaged.
  B．Adjusted.
  C．Rebuilt.
  D．Discovered.
  （3）The author believes a better understanding of the settlements on the seabed may

  .
  A．attract investment in the research under the sea
  B．inspire people to take an interest in modern technology
  C．adapt the attitudes of the British to their country's history
  D．receive confirmation of rebuilding ancient man-made objects
  （4）We can learn that the use of bathymetry will help to

  .
  A．identify new species of plants and animals
  B．provide the precise location of sunken ships
  C．evaluate the cost of seeking certain resources
  D．promote the development of deeper waterways
  组卷：6引用：1难度：0.5

  解析

• 4．A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience According to a 2018 report，people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers.Similarly，people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven't yet determined how to bridge the gap.Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways.
     In 2018，a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience.It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics.Art history is about storytelling；art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion.
     More traditional institutions are paying attention.Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home.Users displayed incredible creativity，and the museum was flooded with submissions.This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.Since many people feel intimidated and think that there's a base level of understanding required to join the conversation，the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
     Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks.The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite，for example，made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings.His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures.It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art.
     Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table.Anyone can recognise a gap in the field and address it.Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers.They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories，and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
     But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within.We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections.We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board.Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers，inside and outside of institutions，getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part.
  
  （1）What challenge is the author trying to tackle？

  
  A．People doubt a great diversity of artworks.
  B．Fewer and fewer young people go to museums.
  C．Art appears too distant from common audience.
  D．Adult audience has a different understanding of art.
  （2）What does the underlined word "intimidated" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？

  
  A．Tired.
  B．Worried.
  C．Annoyed.
  D．Surprised.
  （3）In the author's opinion，the museums and galleries should

  .
  A．make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way
  B．change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge
  C．limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions
  D．improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks
  （4）We can conclude from the passage that common audience

  .
  A．lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history
  B．prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media
  C．feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board
  D．refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories
  组卷：23引用：4难度：0.6

  解析

第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分， 共 10 分）根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。

• 5．Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature Tune into any sports coverage on TV，and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory，while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat.Studies have revealed why-they are universal behaviours，performed by humans in response to success and failure.
     The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University，who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame.（1）

  They tried to find a large group of people，and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
     The answer was Athens，during the 2004 Olympic Games.Its sister competition-the Paralympics-included many athletes who were born blind.
     （2）

  Working with a professional photographer，Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors，41 of whom had lost their sight，and 12 of whom were blind from birth.The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions，and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads，arms and bodies.（3）

  The winners tilted their heads up，smiled，lifted their arms and puffed out their chests，while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
     （4）

  Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements.And while it's possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions，it's very unlikely that they could have taught them all-particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
     These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world.Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness，fear and surprise.（5）

  
  
  A.They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
  B.In fact，the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
  C.Therefore，they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
  D.The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
  E.The athletes' behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
  F.Analyzing the data，they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
  G.In particular，they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
  组卷：15引用：1难度：0.3

  解析

第三部分：语言知识和运用（共六节， 共 51 分）第一节 词汇单项选择（共 32 小题；每小题 0. 5 分， 共 16 分）

• 6．从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出单词的正确释义。
  （1）orbit

  （2）persuasive

  （3）postpone

  （4）preserve

  
  A.有说服力的
  B.轨道
  C.保护，保存
  D.使延期
  组卷：0引用：1难度：0.8

  解析

• 7．从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出单词的正确释义。
  （1）obesity

  （2）nutrient

  （3）privilege

  （4）obstruction

  
  A.营养物
  B.特权；优待
  C.阻碍；阻塞物
  D.肥胖
  组卷：0引用：1难度：0.8

  解析

• 8．从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出单词的正确释义。
  （1）parade

  （2）overlook

  （3）numb

  （4）nourish

  
  A.滋养；培养
  B.游行
  C.忽略
  D.麻木的
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.8

  解析

• 9．从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出单词的正确释义。
  （1）pattern

  （2）notion

  （3）parallel

  （4）option

  
  A.选择
  B.平行的
  C.观念；信念
  D.模式；图案
  组卷：0引用：1难度：0.8

  解析

• 10．从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出单词的正确释义。
  （1）punctual

  （2）perceive

  （3）prohibit

  （4）oasis

  
  A.觉察；发觉
  B.绿洲
  C.准时的
  D.禁止
  组卷：0引用：1难度：0.8

  解析

第四部分：书面表达（共两节， 共 32 分）第一节 阅读表达（共 4 小题；第 89、90 题各 2 分， 第 91 题 3 分， 第 92 题 5分， 共 12 分）阅读短文， 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。

• 31．From the cheeky sound of a whoopee cushion to a spring-loaded spider rocketing from a glass，pranks （恶作剧） are a popular way of making fun of others and getting a laugh.While some experts point out potential negatives，pranking can also decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships.
      It's little wonder that best-selling children's author Matt Stanton has shaped his latest book around pranks for young jokesters.Part of his Funny Kid book series，Prank Aliens，is about a boy named Max who is searching for the greatest prank of all time.Stanton said that pranking in the home can build strong relationships between parents and kids.
      "Some of the best relationship-building moments I have with my own kids are when I enter into their space，" Stanton said. "An adult joining in their games can be surprising for kids and bring wonderful moments of joy.It's a great way to demonstrate to our kids that we can laugh at ourselves and still feel loved and safe，" he added.
      But playing tricks can come with unintended consequences，said psychiatrist Mark Cross.Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship.However，Cross also added "Pranking can be good when the outcome is laughter for everyone，including the pranked person.It can be a great release of stress.When you laugh，you breathe deeper，which helps ease anxiety. "
      So why not try some pranks？Wrapping vegetables and shoes up as presents for kids on their birthdays always gets a great reaction.Putting plastic spiders in guests' drinks or placing a whoopee cushion on an unsuspecting person's chair is sure to cause a belly laugh.All these might just be good for you and everyone involved.
  
  （1）What are the benefits of pranking？

  
  （2）When can pranks anger the target or even ruin a relationship？

  
  （3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
  Pranking is good when everyone laughs at the pranked person，since laughter releases stress.

  
  （4）In addition to pranking，what other ways can you use to strengthen relationships with family members？（In about 40 words）
  组卷：1引用：1难度：0.2

  解析

第二节 写作（共 20 分）

• 32．假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你得知故宫正在招聘暑假义务英文讲解员，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：
  1.介绍你的基本信息；
  2.说明你的优势；
  3.表达你希望被录用。
  注意：
  1.词数不少于 100；
  2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
  Dear Sir/Madam，
  ___________________
                                                                                                Sincerely，
                                                                                                   Li Hua
  组卷：2引用：1难度：0.5

  解析