2023-2024学年湖南省怀化市洪江一中高一（上）开学英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本题共4小题，每题 2 分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

• 1．I came across quite a few language problems while spending holiday with my family last summer.The most embarrassing was when my Mom apologized to the people we were staying with because her "pants were dirty".They looked at her in surprise，not knowing how to react.You see，Mom had fallen over and gotten mud on her jeans.But in Britain， "pants" means underpants or knickers （内裤；衬裤），not trousers as it does back home.
     Katie — From America
     I went to stay with a friend on the west coast last summer.Her flat was on the first floor of a high-rise building so I got the lift up.Then I wandered round for ages looking for her flat but couldn't find it.Fed up and tired，I finally had to go out to find a phone box.She explained that her flat was on the first floor，which for me meant the ground floor.
     David — From Britain
     When I asked for the "restroom" in a big department store，people kept directing me to a room with seats where I could sit and "rest".It took me years to get through to （使......明白）someone that I only wanted the toilet!
     Tom — From America
  
  （1）Hearing Katie's mother's words，Katie's friends were in surprise because

  .
  A．Katie's mother got mud on her jeans
  B．Katie's mother's underpants were dirty
  C．they mistook pants for underpants
  D．they didn't understand British English
  （2）David went out to find a phone box to

  .
  A．phone the police for help
  B．phone his friend for help
  C．tell his friend he couldn't visit her
  D．apologize for his being late
  （3）When Tom asked for the "restroom"，the people around him thought

  .
  A．he wanted to have a rest
  B．he wanted to go to the toilet
  C．he wanted to go to bed
  D．He wanted to go to a department store
  组卷：1引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

• 2．They say that "travel is the best teacher" and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake （1587-1641）.His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake，not only encouraged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the country's land and geography.
     Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family，Xu became interested in books about different places at an early age and wanted to travel.When he was 18，however.Xu's father died and so，it seemed，did his travelling dreams.He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required.
     But his mother had different ideas.Understanding her son's love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences，this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home.She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year，when there was less farm work.
     So at the age of twenty and with his mother's support，Xu set off for the first time，leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well.He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years.During this time，he travelled throughout the Ming kingdom，carefully studying the lands he passed through and recording his experiences and many discoveries in a diary.This diary，which once had over 500，000 words，would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
     Although rich，Xu avoided comfortable travel，preferring to go almost everywhere on foot.This way he could research the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world.Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas，and through wild forests where few people lived.His willingness to face hardships came at a cost however.Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick，robbed and beaten during his journeys
     Sadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey，a 4-year trip through the Southwest of China.He died in 1641，soon after returning to his hometown for the last time.When his diary was finally printed years after his death，much of it had been destroyed or lost.Although incomplete，it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.
  
  （1）What is the passage mainly about？

  
  A．The influence of Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
  B．The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travels.
  C．The important discoveries made by Xu Xiake.
  D．The general details of Xu Xiake's life story.
  （2）Which of the following best describes Xu's mother？

  
  A．Supportive and open-minded.
  B．Kind but uneducated.
  C．Helpful and hardworking.
  D．Strict but interesting.
  （3）Why did Xu prefer walking during his travels？

  
  A．It gave him the chance to meet different kinds of people.
  B．It allowed him to see and study the environment in detail.
  C．It helped him to save money and travel for a longer time.
  D．It was the only way to reach the places he was interested in.
  （4）What is true about Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu xiake？

  
  A．It was mainly about the different people of China.
  B．It made Xu very famous during his lifetime.
  C．It was the first travel book ever written in China.
  D．It was only made public after Xu died.
  组卷：1引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

• 3．As much as I love watching Olympic diving，I've never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub （热水浴池） after each dive.They're already wet.They're only in the pool for a handful of seconds，so it's not like they need to get cleaned up.And doesn't taking a shower serve the same purpose as sitting in a hot tub？Actually，that's what Olympic divers usually do between dives as they know very well about the importance owarm-up sand cool-downs.So，what's the actual reason？
     As it turns out，showers and hot tubs are used pretty interchangeably by the swimming pool.However，there is a need for both.First，let's start with why divers need to take a shower between dives.It has to do with body temperature and keeping their muscles relaxed.As you can imagine，practicing dives in the pool，then having to keep your body warm in a shower，and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn't be comfortable for anyone.Going back and forth bet ween these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver's muscles to tense or cramp up（痉挛），which can lead to injuries to the muscles.Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that.
     In that way，showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose.A hot tub is generally used if you have a bit more time between dives and have already stretched.The shower walls on the pool deck can typically provide enough space for more divers at the same time，and they're especially helpful for athletes who need to stretch or who only have a few minutes be tween dives.Just like Olympic swimmers depend on thick clothes to keep their muscles warm，Olympic divers rely on these methods to stay loose.If you ask me，it's not a bad way to pass the time!
  
  （1）What does the underlined word "proceed" in Paragraph 1 mean？

  
  A．Fail.
  B．Continue.
  C．Stop.
  D．Afford.
  （2）Why do the athletes need showers after diving？

  
  A．To fully clean their body.
  B．To rest and wait for the results.
  C．To avoid possible muscle injuries.
  D．To stop themselves from catching a cold.
  （3）What does the last paragraph suggest？

  
  A．The shower walls are designed for divers in the final round.
  B．Olympic swimmers need to stay warm using hot tubs.
  C．Athletes usually do some activities to pass the time.
  D．Hot tubs are as important as showers for divers.
  （4）What is the author's purpose in writing this text？

  
  A．To tell us the difference between diving and swimming.
  B．To explain some little-known knowledge about divers.
  C．To compare cold showers with the hot bath.
  D．To provide some diving advice for us.
  组卷：6引用：8难度：0.5

  解析

• 4．Here is a surprising and important fact：Mental work alone can't make us tired.It sounds funny.But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue（疲劳）.To the amazement of these scientists，they discovered that blood passing through the brain，when it is active，shows no fatigue at all!If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer，we would find it full of fatigue toxins（毒素）and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein，it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
     So far as the brain is concerned，it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired？
     Some scientists find that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes.One of England's most outstanding scientists，J.A.Hadfield，says，"The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origjye.ai.In fact，fatigue of purely physical origin is rare（罕见的）." Dr Brill，a famous American scientist，goes even furtjye.air.He says， "One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems."
     What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired？Joy？Satisfaction？No!A feeling of being bored，anger，anxiety，tenseness，worry，a feeling of not being appreciated-those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
  
  （1）What did the scientists discover a few years ago？

  
  A．We could hardly find fatigue toxins in a laborer's blood.
  B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn out after a day's week.
  C．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue.
  D．The brain could work for many hours without tiredness.
  （2）In the author's opinions，sitting workers feel tired because of

  .
  A．difficult work
  B．endless tasks
  C．unpleasant emotions
  D．physical labor
  （3）What's the best title of this passage？

  
  A．Have some good food
  B．Exercise regularly
  C．Enjoy the work
  D．Discover fatigue toxins
  （4）Which topic will be discussed in the following part of the passage？

  
  A．How to take away nervousness
  B．How to work well and swiftly
  C．How to deal with hard work
  D．How to get much satisfaction
  组卷：3引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

二、七选五（本题共1小题，每题 2 分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

• 5．Everyone wants to perform well at school.Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!
     （1）

  I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you.Take part in class discussions if you have something worth adding.Pay attention during class，in particular during lectures.
     Taking notes is important.You don't need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he or she writes on the blackboard，or any special fact you think you might need for a test.（2）

  In this way，it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.
     Don't skip school.You will be missing out on stuff.（3）

  However，you will have more work and you have missed lectures.Also，try not to be late for class.It's most likely that your teacher won't appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.
     （4）

  If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude，then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit.The same goes for lazy attitude.Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students.Try not to laugh when other students make mistakes.
     Always ask questions. （5）

  If you don't understand，ask someone.Read your text book and notes，and then if that fails，seek help.Ask a teacher，friend，classmate，parent，etc.Get a tutor if you need one.
  
  A.Be prepared.
  B.Write in your own words.
  C.Staying focused will be helpful.
  D.Keep a good attitude towards things.
  E.There is no shame in needing some help.
  F.It is true that you could make up the work.
  G.Pay attention to everything the teacher says.
  组卷：4引用：3难度：0.5

  解析

三、完形填空（本题共1小题，每题 1 分，共15分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

• 6．The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat（汗水）was pouring off our backs and faces.We stood still without（1）

  any noise，all hot and tired.But everyone kept standing as straight as tees.
     It was（2）

  most high schools give to new Senior One students-military training.We（3）

  four days in a closed environment.Although we couldn't go home at night and the training was（4）

  and difficult，our humorous young drill sergeant（教官）with a funny accent was a real（5）

  of our days.We laughed at his jokes，sat in rows singing different songs and（6）

  him telling true stories about his life.He gave us the feeling that（7）

  and sweat were not the only things that military training（8）

  .
     After this journey，we were more（9）

  than we had imagined and we were much braver than we had（10）

  .Girls who looked pale rested for a little while，then right away came back to the team.Boys who were being punished（11）

  to the playground at once and began to run.Sweat flowed down our faces when we thought about how to shout（12）

  than other classes.
     Military training taught us perseverance（坚持不懈）and determinatijye.ai.On the last day of our training，the confidence could be（13）

  on our faces.We shouted so loud that our（14）

  could be heard across the heavens.With eyes like burning torches（火炬），we walked into the future.Now the sun is（15）

  at all of us.
  
  

  （1）	A．crying	B．making	C．sending	D．telling
  （2）	A．nothing	B．anything	C．something	D．everything
  （3）	A．wasted	B．spent	C．kept	D．took
  （4）	A．strict	B．curious	C．interesting	D．normal
  （5）	A．success	B．pleasure	C．worry	D．wonder
  （6）	A．referred to	B．devoted to	C．turned to	D．listened to
  （7）	A．sunlight	B．wealth	C．desire	D．health
  （8）	A．received	B．helped	C．offered	D．happened
  （9）	A．concerned	B．determined	C．interested	D．surprised
  （10）	A．expected	B．expressed	C．disliked	D．rescued
  （11）	A．escaped	B．moved	C．rode	D．rushed
  （12）	A．larger	B．stronger	C．louder	D．lower
  （13）	A．seen	B．heard	C．smelt	D．touched
  （14）	A．thoughts	B．feelings	C．opinions	D．voices
  （15）	A．travelling	B．falling	C．setting	D．smiling
  组卷：13引用：8难度：0.3

  解析

四、语法填空（本题共1小题，每题 1.5 分，共15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

• 7．Filled with many sights and （1）

  （attract），China is the best destination in the world.Here are the reasons （2）

  China should be at the top of your visit list.China，with a history of over 5，000 years， （3）

  （be） one of the Four Ancient Civilized Countries.You can enjoy Chinese food，tea culture，Chinese medicine as well as poetry and calligraphy（书法） there.China's ancient treasures are （4）

  （famous ） than those in any other country in size and number，from ancient palaces to the Great Wall.Besides，lovely giant pandas are unique （5）

  China.You can even go to meet wild pandas in their （6）

  （nature） habitats with our panda experts.What's more，with the （7）

  （develop） of Chinese public transportation，it is easier to travel anywhere. （8）

  （take） a smart phone in China，you can take （9）

  high-speed train from Beijing to shanghai at 250-350km/h，buy a coffee with your e-wallet，and ride a shared bike （10）

  （explore） the city.
  组卷：5引用：2难度：0.5

  解析

五、单词拼写（本题共15小题，每题 1 分，共15分）

• 22．I would

  （感激） it if you could spare some time to help me with my writing.
  组卷：3引用：2难度：0.7

  解析

六、应用文写作（本题共1小题，共15分）

• 23．假如你是李华，刚入学高中。你的英国笔友Mike给你发了一封邮件，询问你的暑假生活，并对你即将开始的高中生活很感兴趣。请你根据以下要点给他写封回信：
  （1）暑假生活的简要描述；
  （2）你对高中学校的第一印象；
  注意：（1）词数80左右；
  （2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
  Dear Mike，______
  Yours，Li Hua
  组卷：0引用：4难度：0.5

  解析