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/ˈkætəgəraɪz/ vt.把……分类（加以归类）发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：0引用：1难度：0.72862．Murder squad detectives approached the man and placed him under
（逮捕）.发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：0引用：2难度：0.72863．I have to admit that I have bad
（书法）.发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：1引用：1难度：0.72864．My friend is determined to major in
（政治） at the college.发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：7引用：2难度：0.72865．They sent naval forces to protect
（海上货运的）shipping.发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：3引用：2难度：0.72866．n.公平，公正；公道，合理
发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：1引用：2难度：0.72867．But some students didn't want
（wear） the uniform.发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：0引用：1难度：0.82868．
n．参与者；参加者→v．参加；参与发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：1引用：1难度：0.72869．Every purchaser of a pound of coffee received a box of cookies as a b
（意外收获）.发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：7引用：1难度：0.52870．In a recent series of experiments at the University of California，researchers studied toddlers' thinking about winners and losers，bullies （欺凌）and victims.
In the first experiment，toddlers （学步儿童）watched a scene in which two puppets （木偶） had conflicting goals：One was crossing a stage from right to left，and the other from left to right.The puppets met in the middle and stopped.Eventually one puppet bowed down and moved aside，letting the other one pass by.Then researchers asked the toddlers which puppet they liked.The result：20 out of 23 toddlers picked the higher-status puppet - the one that did not bow or move aside.It seems that individuals can gain status for being dominant （占优势的）and toddlers like winners better than losers.
But then researchers had another question：Do toddlers like winners no matter how they win？So，researchers did another experiment very similar to the one described above.But this time，the conflict ended because one puppet knocked the other down and out of the way.Now when the toddlers were asked who they liked，the results were different：Only 4 out of 23 children liked the winner.
These data suggest that children already love a winner by the age of 21-31 months.This does not necessarily mean that the preference is inborn：21 months is enough time to learn a lot of things.But if a preference for winners is something we learn，we appear to learn it quite early.
Even more interesting，the preference for winners is not absolute.Children in our study did not like a winner who knocked a competitor down.This suggests that already by the age of 21-31 months，children's liking for winners is balanced with other social concerns，including perhaps a general preference for nice or helpful people over aggressive ones.
In a time when the news is full of stories of public figures who celebrate winning at all costs，these results give us much confidence.Humans understand dominance，but we also expect strong individuals to guide，protect and help others.This feels like good news.
（1）One of the purposes of the experiments is to.
A．teach toddlers how to gain higher status
B．offer toddlers a chance to watch a scene
C．observe the process of toddlers' solving a conflict
D．find out toddlers' attitude toward winners and losers
（2）The toddlers regarded bowing and moving aside as a sign of.
A．obeying rules
B．gaining status
C．giving in to the other
D．showing good manners
（3）What does the second experiment tell us about toddlers？
A．They are excellent learners.
B．They are always changeable.
C．They show mercy to the loser.
D．They value kindness over winning.
（4）What does the author think of the results of the series of experiments？
A．Disappointing.
B．Encouraging.
C．Unexpected.
D．Controversial.发布：2024/5/23 20:38:36组卷：18引用：1难度：0.5
