Unlike many other penguins（企鹅），African penguins do not live in the coldest areas of the earth，but on warm sunny coasts of South Africa.They are the first penguin species （物种） discovered by humans.
   African penguins grow to 60 - 70 cm tall and weigh 3 -4 kg.They have pink patches above their eyes.Blood（血液） is sent to these patches to be cooled by the outside air.The hotter the weather gets，the pinker the patches appear.Each African penguin has a unique pattern of black spots（斑点） on the white chest.These spots，like human fingerprints，can be used to identify the penguins.
   African penguins feed mainly on fish.These flightless birds swim about 40 km every day for food.When they are very hungry，they sometimes cover a distance of 110 km.Their top swimming speed is about 20 km per hour.They can dive as deep as 120 meters and hold their breath for 2.5 minutes underwater.African penguins moult（换羽） once a year for about 20 days.During this time，they can't hunt because their new feathers are not yet waterproof（防水的）.Without food，they lose nearly half of their body weight.
    African penguins live in groups called colonies.They can live for 10- 15 years in the wild，but those in protected environments can live for up to 30 years.
   Since the 1980s，the African penguin population has dropped.In 2010 African penguins were listed as endangered.Many of the birds have lost to their natural enemies.Human activities，such as overfishing and ocean pollution，have caused others to die.

（1）Why do African penguins have pink patches above their eyes？

B

B

A．To protect their eyes.
B．To cool them down in hot weather.
C．To help them see better.
D．To make them look more attractive.
（2）What does the underlined word "unique" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？

C

C

A．Tiny.
B．Clear.
C．Special.
D．Beautiful.
（3）How long may an African penguin live if it is kept in a zoo？

D

D

A．For up to 10 years.
B．For up to 15 years.
C．For up to 20 years.
D．For up to 30 years.
（4）What can we learn about African penguins from the passage？

A

A

A．They are excellent divers although they can not fly.
B．They swim about 110 km every day to hunt for food.
C．Their weight remains the same during moulting season.
D．They can protect themselves from their natural enemies.
（5）What is the main idea of the passage？

B

B

A．Some differences among penguin species.
B．Some basic facts about African penguins.
C．Some reasons why penguins are endangered.
D．Some methods of protecting African penguins.