Personality can be changed by one's work experiences.But what are the work experiences that matter most for personality development?Research suggests that stimulating jobs—or jobs that require employees to deal with a wide range of data,tasks,and people,and that allows them to use their own judgment in their work—are related to increases of personality traits.
Why does
this occur?Stimulating jobs provide chances and challenges to workers,allowing them to effectively influence their environment and thus bringing mastery experiences that make them realize they can make a difference.Personality is also shaped by how we evaluate our work achievements.We like to know how well we're doing,and we tend to change our actions and activities based on such evaluative out-comes.If we do things well and are happier with our work,we're more likely to develop a positive view of ourselves.
Though it's encouraging to see that positive work experiences can lead to positive personality change,stressful work experiences,unluckily,can direct personality change toward undesirable directions.My research has shown that over five years,an increase of time demands leads to an increase of job stress over time,which in turn was related with an increase in neuroticism(神经质).Besides,job insecurity can make one less cheerful and less responsible.
What we do at work can shape who we are.While such an effect may not be noticed by us within a short period,over time,its effects can appear as our work continually shapes our attitudes,beliefs and behaviors,which in turn leave a mark on our personality.
By knowing the effects of work on personality development,we can actively shape our work activities by finding ways to accept their positive effects and prevent possible negative effects on our personal development in the long run.
(1)What does the underlined word"this"in paragraph 2 refer to?
B
B
A.The change in job choices.
B.The impact of stimulating jobs.
C.The choice of stimulating jobs.
D.The influence of the environment.
(2)What can make us think positively of ourselves according to the text?
D
D
A.Job willingness.
B.Job opportunity.
C.Job expectation.
D.Job success.
(3)What does the author think of the impact of work on personality in a short time?
B
B
A.It is avoidable.
B.It is unnoticeable.
C.It is controllable.
D.It is generally positive.
(4)What is the text mainly about?
A
A
A.How your job changes your personality.
B.How your personality benefits your job.
C.How you can improve your performance at work.
D.How you should shape your work activities.