The Four Great Inventions of China

①Papermaking     Papermaking has traditionally been traced （追溯）to China about AD 105，when Cai Lun created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres（韧皮纤维）along with fishnets，old rags，and hemp waste.The invention of paper greatly contributed to the spread and development of civilization.Through the Arabs，Africans and Europeans then mastered the skill.By the 19th century，papermaking had spread to the whole world.

②Gunpowder     In Chinese，gunpowder is called huoyao，meaning flaming medicine.Fireworks were invented in ancient China in the 12th century to scare away evil spirits.At the end of the Tang dynasty，gunpowder was used in military affairs.In the 12th and 13th centuries，gunpowder spread to the Arab countries，then Greece，other European countries，and finally all over the world.

③Compass     During the Warring States period，a device called sinan became the forerunner of the compass.In the 11th century，tiny needles made of magnetized（有磁性的）steel were invented.One end of the needle points north while the other points south.Compass was thus created.Compass greatly improved a ship's ability to navigate over long distances.It was not until the beginning of the 14th century that compass was introduced to Europe from China.The first suspended（悬浮的）magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in his book of AD 1088.

④Printing     The Chinese invention of Woodblock Printing，at some point before the first dated book in 868 （The Diamond Sutra），produced the world's first print culture.During the reign of Emperor Ren Zong of the Northern Song dynasty，Bi Sheng invented moveable，reusable clay types after numerous tests.Single types were made and picked out for printing certain books.These types could be used again and again for different books.About 200 years later，this moveable-type technique spread to other countries and advanced the development of world civilization.

（1）Which was used by Cai Lun to create paper？

B

B

A．Mulberry and steel.
B．Old rags and hemp waste.
C．Bast fibres and fish.
D．Water and berries.
（2）The compass was introduced to Europe

C

C

.
A．during the Warring States period
B．in the 11th century
C．at the beginning of the 14th century
D．in the 12th century
（3）Which of the following is true according to the passage？

B

B

A．During the Tang dynasty，Bi Sheng invented moveable，reusable clay types.
B．The Four Great Inventions advanced the development of world civilization.
C．At the end of the Song dynasty，gunpowder was being used in military affairs.
D．Gunpowder spread to Greece，then Arab countries and other European countries.